The article presents reviews of modern domestic and foreign scientific publications on the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), as well as the issues of blood pressure control in AF. Arterial hypertension (AH) is often accompanied by comorbidity, and, in addition, is the most frequent factor in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most common type of arrhythmia, which increases the risk of thromboembolic complications, heart failure, and leads to an increase in the overall mortality rate.

   The aim of the work was to study the pathological mechanisms of the formation of AF in hypertension, as well as their mutual impact on the course of diseases, and, in addition, to analyze and compare methods for measuring blood pressure (BP) in AF, used in modern clinical work, to identify the most objective method.

   A general scientific method was applied: analysis of modern scientifi c domestic and foreign literature on research problems, generalization, comparison, systematization of theoretical data on the experience of application. All reviews were indexed in PubMed, Medline, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar databases. The presented study allow us to conclude that hypertension is both a risk factor for atrial fi brillation and a complication of the course of the disease in patients with atrial fibrillation; the most objective method of measuring blood pressure in AF is oscillometric. The tasks and prospects of future research are identified.

   The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has demonstrated the development of new global biological, biophysical and epidemiological processes able to change human environment and cause signifi cant demographic, social and economic consequences. The explanation of the pandemic as caused by accidental transmission of the virus from animal to human does not seem convincing and does not correspond to the scale of the planetary biological shifts that have occurred as a result of the pandemic. The authors of the article develop a hypothesis that links the causes of the COVID-19 pandemic with global environmental problems and damages of the biocoenosis of large ecosystems on the planet. The disastrous reduction of forest areas throughout the continents has led to a growing disproportion of the plant kingdom, animals and the expansion of viruses in biosphere. The mechanism of viral infections propagation has changed under conditions of violation of the stability of the biocoenosis and the fi lling of large ecosystems with viruses. Along with the traditional methods of infection transmission from person to person, the physical features of viruses and their correlations to the nanoworld have become signifi cantly important. Literature data and the results of our own research suggest that viruses have wave properties and are capable of creating stable resonance systems and an electromagnetic fi eld. Presumably, the energy of the electromagnetic fi eld determines the mechanism for filling ecosystems with viruses, “competitive relations” with other representatives of the microcosm, and the process of self-limitation of viral expansion. The article for the first time touches upon the issues of the interaction of viruses within the framework of viral and viral-bacterial microbiocenosis, the persistence of viruses in the human body and the development of chronic diseases. The study of the mechanisms of virus expansion, the patterns of emergence and contagion suggests new
opportunities for understanding the nature of new viral infections and the development of methods to resist them.

   Ischemic stroke in young patients is an actual problem of modern angioneurology. You should know that in addition to the common causes of stroke (blood vessels, heart and circulatory system pathology, diabetes mellitus), one of the important ones is moyamoya disease. It has become more frequently registered among patients, including those of non-Asian origin in recent times. The disease often manifests itself as a stroke or transient ischemic attacks, and may initially be accompanied by various neurological manifestations for a long time. Late diagnosis of moyamoya disease due to the lack of knowledge of outpatient practitioners about this pathology may result in a stroke for the patient. It is a multifactorial disease with a genetic predisposition and is manifested by vascular remodeling in the system of internal and external carotid arteries (luminal occlusion) with the development of a collateral network resembling “cigarette smoke” during angiography. This defi nition is a literal translation of “moyamoya” from Japanese. The article gives a comprehensive, all-around view of the disease, the tactics of its detection and treatment, with an emphasis on modern methods of surgical revascularization. A clinical case from practice is of interest to internist clinicians as it is connected with atypical manifestation of the disease in an 18-year-old patient. The doctors focused on arterial hypertension as the main cause of the patient’s complaints, and moved away from the algorithm for detecting cerebral vascular pathology.

   Currently, diff erent physiotherapy methods are widely used in medicine. One of these methods is ultraviolet (UV) treatment. It is frequently used in healthcare practice as a disinfectant. However, it has a wide range of biological eff ects.

   The aim of this study is to summarize known eff ects of ultraviolet radiation and evaluate applications of UV treatment in medicine, especially in dentistry.

   Methods. We conducted literature review using PubMed, Google School, eLibrary, РИНЦ, UpToDate, Elsevier, Scopus databases. 65 articles were analyzed during the research. The study is divided into 4 sections describing biological eff ect of UV and its usage in disinfection, diagnosis and treatment.

   Results. The study confi rms that UV is an eff ective method used for treating somatic and dental diseases. The results show potential benefi ts of UV application as an additional antiseptic and disinfectant that has very few side effects.

   The article is dedicated to a review of the literature on the use of melatonin in patients with coronary artery disease, taking into account its participation in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, the function in the presence of a circadian rhythm of hemodynamic parameters and melatonin receptors in the muscular layer and endothelial tissue. The eff ect of melatonin on the organs of the cardiovascular system is due to its pronounced antioxidant activity, and the ability to infl uence vascular tone, heart rate, and inhibit platelet aggregation.

   Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common pathological conditions and plays a signifi cant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.

   The aim of the study was to evaluate the population potential of non-drug methods for cholesterol level correction.

   Material and methods. 3 groups were formed on a voluntary basis out of the 2013 initially surveyed people with high cholesterol (˃ 6.4 mmol/l). In the 1st group, consisting of 89 residents, it was recommended to reduce the energy value to less than 2500 kcal/day. The 2nd group consisted of 92 residents who agreed to a daily increase in physical activity (PhA) to reduce the high level of cholesterol (˃ 6.4 mmol/l). In the 3rd group, consisting of 96 residents, both measures were recommended, i. e. not to exceed the energy value of the food intake and increase daily physical activity. Control studies of cholesterol level were carried out 6–8 months after starting the work.

   Results and discussion. In the 1st group of residents the diff erence in cholesterol levels at the beginning of work and 6–8 months after its completion was 10.6 ± 1.3 and 6.6 ± 0.7 mmol/l, (t = 2.70; p ˂ 0.01) respectively. In the 2nd group of residents a decrease in the cholesterol level was noted as well — from 9.7 ± 0.9 to 6.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l (t = 2.87; p ˂ 0.01). Group 3showed a similar decrease in the level of cholesterol level from10.4 ± 1.1 to 6.9 ± 0.8 mmol/l (t = 2.59; p ˂ 0.01). Thus, non-drug therapy provides a noticeable decrease in cholesterol level, which is of great importance, they do not provide the achievement of the classical norm of cholesterol level (˂ 5.0 mmol/l).

   Conclusions. Non-drug correction of cholesterol is quite effective. It is necessary to fi nd accessible ways to increase preventive motivation, medical awareness of the population, adherence to therapeutic and preventive measures and assess the quality of life in accordance with the dynamics of changes in cholesterol levels.

   In order to assess the clinical eff ectiveness of COVID-19 complex therapy in adults, 140 patients with a confi rmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection, clinical symptoms and lung damage from 25 to 75 % (mild and moderate form) hospitalized in budgetary healthcare institutions of the Omsk region were included in an open prospective observational study. Patients were evenly divided into two groups: 1 — received standard therapy in accordance with the Temporary Guidelines "Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)" approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and interferon alpha-2b preparations (Viferon ® rectal suppositories 3,000,000 IU and Viferon ® gel for external and topical use of 36,000 IU/g); 2 — received only standard therapy. In group 1 patients, elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen from the nasopharyngeal mucosa occurred 2 days earlier than in group 2 patients. Also, patients receiving standard therapy and interferon alpha-2b preparations improved on average 4.5 days earlier, most of the main symptoms of the disease were stopped by the 6th day of therapy. It was noted that in patients receiving complex standard therapy with adding of interferon alpha-2b preparations, a more pronounced regression of lung tissue damage was observed, especially in patients with a high degree of their lesion according to CT data before hospitalization. By the end of treatment in group 1, the proportion of patients with lung tissue lesions of grade CT-3 signifi cantly decreased by 17%, while in group 2, the proportion of patients with CT-3 increased by 13 %. Analysis of the dynamics of laboratory parameters and the main markers of infl ammation in the therapy groups also confi rms the positive eff ect of the inclusion of interferon alpha-2b drugs in the standard therapy. No adverse events associated with the use of interferon alpha-2b preparations were registered. Thus, in patients receiving standard therapy and interferon alpha-2b preparations, recovery occurred in a shorter time. In the end, this contributed to a faster discharge from the hospital and a reduction in the burden on the bed fund and medical staff . The results obtained give grounds to recommend the inclusion of interferon alpha-2b preparations (Viferon ® rectal suppositories 3,000,000 IU and Viferon ® gel for external and topical use 36,000 IU/g) in standard COVID-19 therapy regimens in adult patients with mild and moderate forms of the disease.

   Modern approaches to the diagnostics and treatment of one of the most common forms of functional bowel disorders, functional diarrhea (FD), are discussed in the article. The clinical features of FD are considered. It is emphasized that various organic diseases (inflammatory bowel diseases, microscopic colitis, celiac disease, lactase defi ciency, etc.) can occur under the mask of FD, which makes the diagnosis of FD a "diagnosis of exclusion" and involves a thorough laboratory and instrumental examination of patients. The main drugs used for the treatment of PD are characterized.

   The article presents the history of the establishment of health maintenance system for military key personnel and their family members (medical examination, emergency and planned care) with the signifi cant role of general practitioners in the Central Military Clinical Hospital named after P. V. Mandryk.

   The article presents a clinical case of diaphragm dysfunction caused by damage to the diaphragmatic nerve in a 35-year-old patient after a war wound to the chest. Imaging methods coupled with electromyography make it possible to diagnose this disease and its cause, while lung function tests make it possible to clarify pulmonary disorders due to diaphragm dysfunction. Тhere is a restrictive type of ventilation disorders due to limited mobility of the chest in particular, as well as gas exchange disorders due to hypoventilation in the basal parts of the lungs in the patient under discussion. These changes determine the strategy of long-term clinical follow-up of such patients, the need to involve pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation programs. Given the urgency of this problem, the data obtained broaden our understanding of the problem and require the creation of algorithms for the examination of patients who have received a chest wound, taking into account ventilation and diff usion capacity abnormalities, the need for clinical follow-up and the creation of medical rehabilitation programs.

   A successful diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a severe case of botulism complicated by sepsis is described. The issues of diagnostics, microbiological verifi cation of the precursor of the infectious complications, the choice of antibacterial therapy, methods and duration of mechanical ventilation are discussed.

   The article is dedicated to the history of the service of priests and sisters of mercy to wounded soldiers in the Moscow Military Hospital (now the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N. N. Burdenko), where a prayer service for the Russian army started taking place since 1707 in the first private chapel. It also presents the facts concerning the restoration of the history of work and the closing of hospital churches and chapels, about the revival of the centuries-old traditions of the joint merciful service of a doctor and a priest in the name of the spiritual and physical healing of the defenders of the Fatherland on the basis of archival documents.

   The article presents the facts about life and career of an outstanding Russian transfusiologist and neurosurgeon, an excellent clinician, a talented health offi cial, a well-known public character, the creator of an original scientifi c school of surgery, an academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, an honored science worker of the RSFSR, a Lenin Prize laureate, lieutenant general of the medical service, Professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Shamov.

   The article is devoted to brief characteristics of the military medical service leaders and their activities during the Great Patriotic War. All those were awarded Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the highest military orders for the success in battlefi elds and enemy’s defeat.