The article presents a brief history of epidemics (pandemics) and vaccination in the most aggressive and widespread infections, currently representing Public health emergencies of international importance. Data on measures to combat them are provided.

The review presents modern data of the effect of hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy drugs on the risk of thromboembolic complications. The effect of components of the drugs and their dosages on the hemostasis system is presented, the use of hormonal therapy in women with extragenital diseases is discussed, the ways of reducing the thrombogenic risk of hormones with their mandatory use are debated.

The article discusses the epidemiological, etiopathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of central nervous system damage in COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can pass through physiological barriers and reach the bloodstream or lymph, spreading in the central nervous system of an infected person, infect host cells through many metabolic pathways, which determines the features of the clinical picture of neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders in the patient, represented by a spectrum of phenotypes (syndromes), one way or another associated with the main infectious process. As a rule, this is a clinical diagnosis based on the results of a comprehensive examination of a patient with COVID-19. Direct virus-induced damage, immune dysfunction, excessive inflammation, thrombophilia/hypercoagulation, cytokine and metabolic imbalance, and autoimmune changes that are pathogenetic mechanisms in developing neuropsychiatric diseases in patients with COVID-19 are described. The review substantiates the need for a comprehensive examination, an interdisciplinary approach, and multicomponent therapy of patients with a new coronavirus infection. Dynamic monitoring of COVID-19 convalescents will allow us to objectively talk about the risk of developing long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and maintaining clinical alertness regarding the possible development of neurological symptoms in most patients with the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection will help to provide effective assistance both in the acute period of the disease and during recovery, recovery and comprehensive rehabilitation: neurological, psychological, musculoskeletal.

In 2019, a new document called “National Guidelines. Functional Testing” was issued recommending the use of conventional electrocardiography terms for the description of intraventricular conduction disturbances associated with atrioventricular bundle branch blocks. The article describes the experience with the use of international ECG diagnoses of intraventricular conduction disturbances generated at an automated workplace of a functional testing specialist at P.V. Mandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. ECG interpretation in patients with bundle branch blocks was based on the ACC/AHA Guidelines for Ambulatory ECG (2009), which proved to be of practical importance and clearly demonstrated the functions of the bundle of His branches and fascicles.

The nature and mechanisms of damage to organs and tissues during SARS-Cov-2 infection in certain areas remain unclear over the past 2 years.

Material and methods. The study included 70 patients who underwent COVID-19 and were divided into 4 groups depending on the volume of lung damage according to the results of computed tomography. Assessment of echocardiographic parameters of longitudinal myocardial deformation (speckle-tracking) was performed on the 25–40th day of diagnosis using the GE Vivid S70 device. The histological picture of changes in the myocardium is given taking into account 30 protocols of autopsy of patients with severe and extremely severe course of the disease.

Results. Myocardial damage in the form of a violation of the longitudinal strain index (as an indirect sign of myocarditis in a number of patients, but not in those with COVID-19) was most often (in 83% of cases) recorded in the CT-3 group with a lung lesion volume of 51–75%. A nonspecific histological picture in the form of edema of myofibrils, pallor of the nuclei, edema of the sarcoplasm, dystrophic changes clearly cannot be interpreted as myocarditis, and such a diagnosis has never been made, especially coronavirus. Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes indicates the presence of chronic hypoxia, ischemia, metabolic changes (to a greater extent as a background from concomitant pathology — diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease). None of the examined patients who underwent an immunological blood test for the presence of “antibodies to the myocardium” were found to have such.

Conclusion. Taking into account the data obtained, we can only talk about non-specific changes in organs and tissues against the background of COVID-19, including in the myocardium. However, myocarditis was not verified in any of the cases.

The article discusses various measures that may be taken to increase the effectiveness of eradication of Helicobacter pylori, taking into account the growing resistance of this infection to antibiotics. These include: refusal to use standard triple therapy in an isolated form, 14-day duration of the course of eradication, inclusion of bismuth preparations in combination with various antibiotics in the schemes of eradication therapy, preference for the appointment of proton pump inhibitors such as rabeprazole and esomeprazole (in double dose, if necessary), additional inclusion in the schemes of eradication of probiotics and rebamipide, increased adherence of patients to treatment.

Background. Evaluation of treatment results and control over the condition of operated patients is the most important task, which allows increasing the effectiveness of treatment and improving its results.

Purpose of work. To study the immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis of varying severity by the method of posterior transpedicular fixation. Material and methods. Single-center retrospective study. Evidence level IV. In 300 patients with idiopathic scoliosis of varying severity, the immediate and long-term results of treatment were studied according to the data of clinical, X-ray examination, according to the questionnaires SRS30, SRS22.

Results. All patients received positive results. After treatment, the overall result of improvement in the condition according to the SRS22 questionnaire was 37.1%. Analysis of the SRS30 questionnaire showed that there were significant differences in changes in function, self-image, and relationships with others in 100 patients treated with transpedicular fixation.

Conclusion. The study of the results of treatment of patients with scoliosis showed that a positive result took place in all cases, however, with a deformity of more than 90°, the difference in scores for different domains in comparison with preoperative values was greater than with a lesser deformity, especially when assessing the general appearance, mental health, relationships with others. The overall result of the improvement in the condition according to the SRS22 questionnaire was 37.1%.

The article presents a model of comorbidity, which is designed to identify the general patterns of the formation of combined pathology, the features of the methodology of its detection and the general principles of therapy. In order to unify approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid conditions, the outcome of which is the formation of tissue and organ sclerosis, the concept of chronic sclerotic disease (CSD) is proposed. The proposed methodology and techniques, as well as the data obtained with their help, determine the ability to identify risk groups, plan the direction and scope of the examination, draw up a plan for the necessary point therapeutic effects in patients with CSD, which, in turn, can lead to increased effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures in comorbidity.

The article presents biographical data and the contribution to military medicine of Life Doctors Yakov Vasilyevich Willie 1^st (President of the Medical and Surgical Academy) and Yakov Vasilyevich Willie 2nd (Chief Doctor of Military Educational Institutions).

The article presents materials on the research work of the Central Institute of Advanced Training of Doctors during the Great Patriotic War. It is emphasized that the scientists of the Institute, through their scientific and methodological activities, have made a worthy contribution to the common cause, bringing the day of the Great Victory closer.

The article presents data on the formation of the first funds of the library of medical and surgical schools and the Medical and Surgical Academy. A list of the first books of the library and the dynamics of the development of its collections is presented.