A review of the literature sources contained in the databases of RSCI, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus for the period from 1966 to 2024, as well as their own observations on the treatment of patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, was conducted. The analysis of morphological, microbiological, clinical and long-term results of surgical treatment is presented, on the basis of which it is concluded that a surgical stage is necessary in the complex treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Diabetes mellitus, as well as sarcopenia, are a common pathology among the elderly and senile. As the body ages, there is a gradual decrease in functioning muscle mass, which leads to the development of sarcopenia, given that muscle plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, this circumstance certainly affects the course of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the review was to describe in detail the pathogenetic interactions of two age-related diseases sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the common pathogenesis will make it possible to understand the course of both diseases and determine the tactics of managing these patients. This, in turn, will slow down their progression, achieve and implement the concept of active, healthy aging, and prolong the period of high physical as well as functional activity.

This paper highlights aspects of the increasing prevalence of tattoos and their medical consequences. Tattoo inks, the composition of which is poorly understood, are capable of provoking development of various types of cutaneous and systemic reactions. A description and brief comments on the main types of medical eff ects of tattooing tattoos, often due to their extended colour range and other factors. A clinical case of lymphadenopathy in a patient with multiple tattoos on the body is presented.

This is a syndrome that develops as a result of certain disorders of the cardiovascular system, manifested by sudden focal neurological symptoms. Given the cerebrovascular etiology of this condition, a joint and simultaneous assessment of the degree and quality of disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems is necessary. The need to develop a quantitative index for assessing neuroplasticity is dictated by the desire to objectify and refi ne the assessment of rehabilitation potential for timely rehabilitation, the volume should be suffi cient and safe in the acute period of stroke. Objective — the goal of this study is to identify the relationship between brain and heart bioelectric activity in patients during the acute stage of stroke, to explore the possibility of evaluating rehabilitation potential, and to investigate the possibility of numerically assessing neuroplasticity. Material and methods. The functional state of the brain was studied using EEG, with parallel measurement of physiological signals from cardiac activity obtained from high-resolution ECG recordings. Dispersion mapping of the ECG and analysis of heart rate variability were used in 26 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents within the fi rst 10 days after diagnosis. The main characteristics of the alpha rhythm were compared with classical indicators from high-resolution ECG data. Results. A relationship between the characteristics of heart rate and alpha rhythm signals was established. Indices refl ecting the functional state of the cardiovascular and nervous systems were proposed, and their relationship with the NIHHS and Rankin scales was determined. Conclusions. The evidence of the “brain-heart axis” opens up new possibilities for the study, prediction, and treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

The article presents the results studies on the eff ectiveness of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and normobaric hypoxic therapy (NGT) in the correction psychophysiological status disorders caused by military professional activities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ectiveness combined use TES and NGT in the correction borderline functional states in military personnel. Material and methods. The study involved 60 male military personnel aged 25–45 years with signs of psychophysiological status disorders. Results. It was found that the combined use TES and NGT demonstrated better recovery dynamics in borderline functional states. The achieved eff ects with the combined use were more stable and long-lasting compared to monotherapy with TES or NGT. Conclusions. The best immediate and long-term results are observed when prescribing a combination NGT and TES in the developed modes, therefore this combined approach can be considered as a method of choice in increasing the eff ectiveness for corrective and restorative measures in the selected contingent of patients.

The increase in life expectancy worldwide is accompanied by an increase in polymorbidity and polypragmasis. Elderly patients with endocrine diseases are at particular risk of polypragmasis, which involves the use of potentially irrational therapy (PIT) that increases the risks of adverse events (AEs), hospitalizations and mortality. Therefore, it is increasingly important to assess the prevalence of PIT use among older adults with endocrine disease. Aim. To assess the incidence of polypragmancy and analyze medication prescriptions for PIT using Beers 2023 criteria among elderly persons with endocrine disease in outpatient medical care. Material and methods. An observational one-stage multicenter single-sample uncontrolled study was conducted on the basis of the Grozny Republican Endocrinology Dispensary and other health care facilities of the Chechen Republic. Performed a review of 2023 outpatient medical records of patients aged 65 years and older for polypragmasy and PIT according to Beers 2023 criteria. Results. The study included 221 patients (58 men and 163 women), the median age was 68 years [66; 71]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus with multiple complications prevailed in the morbidity structure. When BMI was analyzed, grade 1 obesity was found in 37.6% of cases, with a statistically signifi cant higher prevalence in women than in men (72.4% vs 50.0%; p < 0.003, Fisher’s exact test). The median number of MP taken by patients was 4 [3; 5]. Prescription of 5 or more LS was observed in 110 patients (49.8%). When performing a comparative analysis of patients with and without polypragmasia, a statistically signifi cant diff erence by age was found (p < 0.017, Mann–Whitney test). The frequency of PIT prescription, which is represented by sulfonylurea derivatives, was 74/221 (33.5%). The frequency of prescription of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which should be used with caution according to the updated Beers criteria, was 50/221 (22.6%). No cases of AEs were registered against the background of PIT administration. Conclusion. Elderly patients with endocrine diseases are at high risk of polypragmasy and PIT prescribing. The use of Beers criteria will allow eff ective monitoring of the therapy and prevent the development of AEs. If there is no possibility of withdrawal of the drug or selection of an analog, the need for active monitoring of patients for the detection of AEs becomes obvious.

IgA nephropathy (IgA-H) is the most common form of chronic glomerulonephritis. The results of previously conducted experimental and clinical studies suggest the existence of a potential pathogenetic enterorenal axis mediating the development of IgA-H, where diseases accompanied by clinically obvious or subclinical intestinal infl ammation play a leading role. Since widespread screening for celiac disease (CD) in patients with IgA-H is not provided, a universal tool is needed to help the doctor determine the need for additional examination, which ultimately expands treatment options. Objectivе. To develop a prognostic model to determine the probability of detecting serological markers of CD in blood serum in patients with IgA-H. Material and methods. The study included 92 patients aged 18 to 63 years with morphologically confi rmed IgA-H. The average age (M ± SD) was 34.66 ± 9.28 years. Gender distribution: men — 87 (94.6%), women — 5 (5.4%). The median duration of the disease before diagnosis of IgA-H by renal biopsy was 20 (8–48) months. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including serological markers of CD in the blood serum. Based on the data obtained by binary logistic regression, a prognostic model for determining the probability of serological markers of CD in patients with IgA-H depending on proteinuria, systolic blood pressure and IgA was constructed. Results. The obtained regression model turned out to be statistically signifi cant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.872 ± 0.053 with 95% CI: 0.768–0.976 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specifi city of the model were 85.0% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained prognostic model can help clinicians to select patients with IgA-H for screening for the presence of CD. As a result, the possibilities of therapy in the form of rationaladministration of an aglutene diet in combination with nephroprotective therapy with ACE/ARB will be expanded, which will increase the eff ectiveness of treatment and improve the prognosis.

The article describes a clinical case of fulminant rosacea. The given clinical example is of interest, since the disease is quite rare, occurs suddenly, and is characterized by pronounced severity, which can cause diffi culties in timely and correct diagnosis and the appointment of correct therapy.

The article provides data on the creation and features of the hospitals and infirmaries of the Tsarskoye Selo Special Evacuation Area during the First World War. information is given on the deployment of infirmaries, biographical data of doctors and nurses of infirmaries and military sanitary trains of the district. Special attention is paid to the work of Infirmary No. 7 by T.E. Botkina.

The article provides a comprehensive study of statistical data on the number of performed hemotransfusions, intravenous injections of salt and milk solutions in clinical practice of the XIX century. A bibliometric analysis of the frequency of citation of these data in the Ngram Google books system was performed. The periods of the most active experimental study and practical use of these procedures, occurring in 1830–1840 and 1870–1880, are revealed. The reasons for the paradigm shift in transfusiology during the 19th century have been established, refl ected in the simultaneous increase in popularity of one and the decline of the other treatment methods. These processes could be caused by the direct results of the use of blood transfusions and blood substitutes during military confl icts and the cholera epidemic, progress in the fi eld of experimental physiology, as well as the introduction into clinical practice of new methods of administration of infusion drugs.