Morphological determination of stone-forming salts

Background. Urolithiasis is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by the formation of renal calculi of various salt compositions. Determination of the composition of salts that form calculi is necessary for adequate treatment and prevention of the transition of the stone formation process to the active stage. However, the possibility of determining stone-forming salts in the early stages of the disease (before stone formation) remains a problem for clinical practice.

Purpose of the study: to prove the possibility of determining stone-forming salts of oxalate-calcium composition by examining urine using the systemic self-organization method (Lithos-system technology) in patients at the early (preclinical) stage of nephrolithiasis, as well as at the early stage of disease recurrence. Material and methods. Method of systemic self-organization of a urine drop (Lithossystem technology), method of X-ray spectral microanalysis.

Results. In urine facies (structured films of dehydrated drops) of 57 patients, the systemic self-organization of urine method revealed an active process of stone formation, as indicated by multiple crystalline formations in the marginal (protein) zone of the facies. Microscopy of these crystalline formations in polarized light showed that they were crystallized structures of the fungus of the genus Candida spp. It is known that the main product of the vital activity of Candida spp. is oxalic acid. Electron probe study (X-ray spectral microanalysis method) showed that the chemical composition of crystalline formations in the protein zone of the facies was represented by calcium oxalate. Thus, the simultaneous presence of crystalline formations and Candida spp. structures in the protein zone of urine facies indicates the formation of oxalate-calcium stones.

Conclusion. The method of systemic self-organization of urine can be used to diagnose the process of stone formation based on calcium oxalate in urolithiasis at all (including preclinical) stages of disease development in clinical diagnostic laboratories.

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