A European scientific environment of the famous surgeon N.I. Pirogov

Abstract

During his life, famous Russian surgeon N.I. Pirogov have get a personal and professional contacts with significant European scientists of the 19th century, who made a great contribution to the history of development the operative surgery. In this historical review presents brief biographical information and contributions to surgery of some European surgeons lived in 19th-century, who have get scientific and professional connections with Pirogov and who are mentioned in his autobiographical book — «Questions of Life: The Diary of an Old Doctor». From memories N.I. Pirogov, he got acquaintance with the European surgical school at Moscow University, continued scrutiny it for his studies in the professorial institute and during an internship in Germany, business trips and vacations in Europe. His scientific environment included such significant anatomists and surgeons as: J.C. Loder, I.F. Moyer, F. Schlemm, J.N. Rust, C.F. Grafe, J.F. Dieffenbach, J.P. Müller, E.H. Weber, R.F. Froriep, B. Langenbeck, A. Velpeau, J.Z. Amussat, A. Jobert, J. Lisfranc, T. Billroth. N.I. Pirogov had deep respect for the achievements of European surgeries and highly valued their contribution to science. The famous Russian surgeon combined their strengths and his own genius in a new science — topographic anatomy and created modern operative surgery. The famous scientist called on supporters — the study, improvement and implementation of advanced Western achievements in Russian medicine.