Роль повреждения и репарации ДНК при хронических заболеваниях глаз

Зрение жизненно важно для повседневной деятельности, и все же наиболее распространенные глазные заболевания — катаракта, диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР), возрастная макулярная дегенерация (ВМД) и глаукома — с возрастом приводят к потере зрения. Хирургическое лечение катаракты является одной из наиболее часто выполняемых операций и результат, как правило, превосходный при отсутствии сопутствующей патологии органа зрения. Однако у пациентов с ДР, ВМД и глаукомой часто развиваются значительные нарушения зрения. В патогенезе этих многофакторных заболеваний часто присутствуют генетические и наследственные компоненты, при этом последние данные подтверждают роль повреждения и репарации ДНК как важных патогенных факторов. В настоящем обзоре мы подробно описываем основные механизмы повреждения и репарации ДНК, включая эксцизионную репарацию оснований, нуклеотидную эксцизионную репарацию, репарацию двухнитевых разрывов ДНК, а также обсуждаем их роль в развитии ДР, ВМД и глаукомы.

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