Влияние вируса иммунодефицита человека на костную ткань

Во всем мире активно изучается влияние вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и антиретровирусной терапии на кальциево-фосфорный обмен и минеральную плотность костной ткани. Пациенты с ВИЧ являются группой риска для снижения минеральной плотности костной ткани, поскольку данные нарушения у них встречаются чаще по сравнению со здоровыми людьми. Представлен обзор литературы, посвященный данной теме. В каждой из частей обзора рассматривается влияние ВИЧ или антиретровирусной терапии на костную ткань и остеокластогенез на разных уровнях: воздействие на молекулярном, клеточном, тканевом, гормональном уровнях, а также на уровне влияния различных внеклеточных белков. Благодаря современным диагностике и лечению выживаемость больных с ВИЧ-инфекцией значительно увеличилось, что привело к возникновению проблемы: развитию у таких пациентов заболеваний, не только связанных с нарушением иммунитета, но и появляющихся с возрастом. Говоря о нарушениях баланса остеоформирования и костной резорбции при ВИЧ-инфекции, следует учитывать многофакторность развития данных состояний для дальнейшего прогнозирования развития вторичных заболеваний, корректировки ведения пациента с учетом гормональных и возрастных изменений, распределения ресурсов, обучения врачей смежных специальностей вопросам диагностики и лечения. В обзоре используются данные рецензируемых медицинских изданий и актуальных интернет-ресурсов, включая PubMed.

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