Neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders in patients with COVID-19

The article discusses the epidemiological, etiopathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of central nervous system damage in COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can pass through physiological barriers and reach the bloodstream or lymph, spreading in the central nervous system of an infected person, infect host cells through many metabolic pathways, which determines the features of the clinical picture of neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders in the patient, represented by a spectrum of phenotypes (syndromes), one way or another associated with the main infectious process. As a rule, this is a clinical diagnosis based on the results of a comprehensive examination of a patient with COVID-19. Direct virus-induced damage, immune dysfunction, excessive inflammation, thrombophilia/hypercoagulation, cytokine and metabolic imbalance, and autoimmune changes that are pathogenetic mechanisms in developing neuropsychiatric diseases in patients with COVID-19 are described. The review substantiates the need for a comprehensive examination, an interdisciplinary approach, and multicomponent therapy of patients with a new coronavirus infection. Dynamic monitoring of COVID-19 convalescents will allow us to objectively talk about the risk of developing long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and maintaining clinical alertness regarding the possible development of neurological symptoms in most patients with the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection will help to provide effective assistance both in the acute period of the disease and during recovery, recovery and comprehensive rehabilitation: neurological, psychological, musculoskeletal.

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