Ремоделирование дыхательных путей при бронхиальной астме: патогенетические аспекты и трудности диагностики

Основной причиной тяжелого и плохо поддающегося коррекции течения бронхиальной астмы является ремоделирование дыхательных путей. Цель обзора: обобщить основные патогенетические механизмы ремоделирования дыхательных путей при бронхиальной астме и представить диагностические возможности различных методов. Результаты. Представлены основные закономерности развития и прогрессирования морфофункциональной перестройки дыхательных путей при бронхиальной астме. Показано участие иммунных клеток и роль ангиогенеза в ремоделировании дыхательных путей. Рассмотрены инструментальные и лабораторные методы диагностики. Диагностика ремоделирования дыхательных путей сталкивается с рядом трудностей. В настоящее время не существует доступных неинвазивных методов оценки ремоделирования дыхательных путей с высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью. Отсутствие информативных доступных биомаркеров ремоделирования дыхательных путей ограничивает клинические исследования этого процесса. Понимание патогенентических механизмов, своевременная диагностика и лечение ремоделирования дыхательных путей являются многообещающей стратегией предотвращения возникновения и прогрессирования астмы. Заключение. Описанные и систематизированные в обзоре патогенетические механизмы и современные методы диагностики ремоделирования дыхательных путей при бронхиальной астме призваны помочь в поиске новых терапевтических мишеней для прогнозирования и лечения заболевания.

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