Тактика ведения тромбоза поверхностных вен

Тромбоз поверхностных вен (ТПВ) является распространенным клиническим состоянием, при котором имеется высокий риск прогрессирования протяженности тромба с распространением в другие венозные отделы, включая систему глубоких вен с последующим развитием тромбоэмболии легочных артерий, нередко рецидивирующего характера. Использование нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов в сочетании с локальной терапией с помощью согревающих средств не предотвращает дальнейшее распространение тромба, не защищает от рецидива или развития венозной тромбоэмболии (ВТЭ) у пациентов с пролонгированным ТПВ с длиной тромба более 5 см. Антикоагулянтная терапия является средством выбора для лечения, профилактики дальнейшего прогрессирования и рецидива ТПВ, а также предотвращения ВТЭ. В этом обзоре обобщены данные крупных проспективных рандомизированных клинических испытаний по эпидемиологии, факторам риска, диагностике и лечению ТПВ. Цель обзора — предоставить основанную на фактических данных современную информацию по эпидемиологии, факторам риска, диагностике и лечению пациентов с тромбозом поверхностных вен. Был проведен комплексный поиск литературы для выявления всех рандомизированных контролируемых исследований (РКИ), которые были посвящены эпидемиологии и лечению ТПВ. Публикации РКИ были выявлены с использованием базы данных MEDLINE англоязычной медицинской литературы с 2002 г. по февраль 2025 г. Ключевыми поисковыми терминами, которые использовались, были: поверхностный тромбоз вен, лечение поверхностного тромбоза вен, медикаментозное и хирургическое лечение ТПВ. Поиск проводился с использованием как отдельных слов, так и их комбинаций.

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