Функционально-структурные изменения почек, связанные со старением, и хроническая болезнь почек

В настоящее время в мире наблюдается увеличение продолжительности жизни. По мере старения организм человека претерпевает различные функциональные и структурные изменения, и почка в этом смысле не является исключением. Также мы знаем, что с возрастом увеличивается распространенность хронической болезни почек. Изменения, которые сопровождают естественное старение и хроническую болезнь почек, схожи между собой. Однако необходимо понимать, какой пожилой человек здоров, а какой имеет болезнь и требует помощи. Сегодня благодаря трансплантации почек, когда производится забор «нулевой» биопсии, в нашем распоряжении есть большая база данных почечной ткани, а также данные по инструментальному и лабораторному обследованию. Преимущество заключается в том, что доноры — это максимально здоровые люди. В результате мы имеем возможность изучать физиологию естественного старения почки. В обзор включены статьи, опубликованные только в рецензируемых научных журналах, размещенные в библиографических базах MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLIBRARY. Поиск проводился по ключевым терминам «старение почек», «скорость клубочковой фильтрации», «количество нефронов», «нефросклероз». В результате в обзоре приведены данные по основным функциональным (общая скорость клубочковой фильтрации и клубочковой фильтрации одного клубочка) и структурным (объем почечной ткани, количество нефронов) изменениям, которые сопровождают старение почки. Также рассмотрен вопрос диагностики хронической болезни почек у пожилых людей. 

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