clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2026-104-1-17-26clinmed-1353Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESФункционально-структурные изменения почек, связанные со старением, и хроническая болезнь почекFunctional and structural changes of the kidneys associated with aging and chronic kidney diseasehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-9646РябоваТ. С.RyabovaT. S.

Рябова Татьяна Сергеевна — д-р мед. наук, доцент кафедры нефрологии и эфферентной терапии 

Санкт-Петербург 

Tatiana S. Ryabova — Doctor of Medical Science, Associate Professor at the department of nephrology and efferent therapy 

St. Petersburg 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-3797БельскихА. Н.BelskykhA. N.

Бельских Андрей Николаевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор, членкорреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой нефрологии и эфферентной терапии  

Санкт-Петербург 

Andrey N. Belskykh — Doctor of Medical Science, Professor, head of the department of nephrology and efferent therapy 

St. Petersburg 

ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны РоссииРоссияMilitary Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the RussiaRussian Federation20261503202610411726Copyright © Рябова Т.С., Бельских А.Н., 20262026Рябова Т.С., Бельских А.Н.Ryabova T.S., Belskykh A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1353

В настоящее время в мире наблюдается увеличение продолжительности жизни. По мере старения организм человека претерпевает различные функциональные и структурные изменения, и почка в этом смысле не является исключением. Также мы знаем, что с возрастом увеличивается распространенность хронической болезни почек. Изменения, которые сопровождают естественное старение и хроническую болезнь почек, схожи между собой. Однако необходимо понимать, какой пожилой человек здоров, а какой имеет болезнь и требует помощи. Сегодня благодаря трансплантации почек, когда производится забор «нулевой» биопсии, в нашем распоряжении есть большая база данных почечной ткани, а также данные по инструментальному и лабораторному обследованию. Преимущество заключается в том, что доноры — это максимально здоровые люди. В результате мы имеем возможность изучать физиологию естественного старения почки. В обзор включены статьи, опубликованные только в рецензируемых научных журналах, размещенные в библиографических базах MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLIBRARY. Поиск проводился по ключевым терминам «старение почек», «скорость клубочковой фильтрации», «количество нефронов», «нефросклероз». В результате в обзоре приведены данные по основным функциональным (общая скорость клубочковой фильтрации и клубочковой фильтрации одного клубочка) и структурным (объем почечной ткани, количество нефронов) изменениям, которые сопровождают старение почки. Также рассмотрен вопрос диагностики хронической болезни почек у пожилых людей. 

Currently, the world is seeing an increase in life expectancy. As we age, the human body undergoes various functional and structural changes, and the kidney is no exception. We also know that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease increases with age. The changes that accompany natural aging and chronic kidney disease are similar. However, it is necessary to understand which elderly person is healthy and which has a disease and requires help. Today, thanks to kidney transplantation, when a “zero” biopsy is taken, we have a large database of kidney tissue, as well as instrumental and laboratory examination data. The advantage is that donors are extremely healthy people. As a result, we have the opportunity to study the physiology of natural kidney aging. The review article includes articles published only in peer-reviewed scientific journals, posted in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLIBRARY. The search strategy was a search query for the key terms “renal aging”, “glomerular filtration rate”, “number of nephrons”, “nephrosclerosis”. As a result, the review presents data on the main functional (changes in the total glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration rate of one glomerulus) and structural (changes in the volume of renal tissue, the number of nephrons) changes that accompany kidney aging. The question of diagnosing chronic kidney disease in the elderly is also considered. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.