Новый класс препаратов лечения сахарного диабета

Сахарный диабет и ожирение являются одними из ключевых проблем для современного здравоохранения. В мире около 425 млн человек с сахарным диабетом, а число с людей с избыточным весом или ожирением составляет более трети от всей человеческой популяции. Это обусловливает необходимость поиска новых терапевтических опций лечения данных заболеваний, усовершенствования существующих схем лечения. В данном актуализирующем обзоре рассматриваются как сами понятия «сахарный диабет» и ожирение, существующие схемы лечения, так и новый класс противодиабетических препаратов — агонисты рецепторов глюкозозависимого инсулинотропного пептида и глюкагоноподобного пептида-1, а также его основной представитель — тирзепатид. Демонстрируются история развития, обоснование механизма действия, а также существующие клинические исследования тирзепатида, ключевого представителя этого развивающегося класса препаратов. Данный препарат продемонстрировал статистически значимое снижение гликозилированного гемоглобина у пациентов с сахарным диабетом, снижение массы тела у пациентов как с ожирением, так и с и/или сахарным диабетом, по сравнению с несколькими классами антидиабетических препаратов. Однако необходимо отметить, что побочные реакции в клинических исследованиях встречались чаще в группе тирзепатида, особенно при высоких дозировках, что подчеркивает необходимость индивидуального подхода при назначении данного препарата. Кроме того, было проведено сравнение лишь с инсулином и агонистами рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1, что указывает на ограниченную клиническую значимость данных исследований. Возможно, введение тирзепатида в клиническую практику позволит в будущем снизить уровень ожирения, а также контролировать течение сахарного диабета у многих пациентов, что снизит уровень осложнений и смертность от данных состояний.

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