Внеклеточные нейтрофильные ловушки при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях: проблемы и перспективы исследования

Одним из звеньев патогенеза заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы является хроническое системное воспаление низкой интенсивности. В 2004 г. был открыт ранее неизвестный процесс — формирование внеклеточных нейтрофильных ловушек (ВНЛ) — нетоз (от англ. NETosis:  neutrophil extracellular traps). ВНЛ играют роль в противомикробном иммунитете, но в определенных случаях становятся фактором развития патологии. В настоящем обзоре представлены данные о воздействии внеклеточных нейтрофильных ловушек на отдельные патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы (атеросклероз, фибрилляция предсердий, тромбоз). Авторы описывают механизмы образования ВНЛ (витальный нетоз, суицидальный нетоз) и их роль в тромбообразовании (роль каркаса для образования тромба, инициация коагуляции), в развитии эндотелиальной дисфункции, электрической неоднородности миокарда предсердий. Приводятся данные, указывающие на связь атеросклероза, тромбоза и фибрилляции предсердий с активностью нетоза. Большинство исследований демонстрируют имеющиеся взаимосвязи на лабораторных моделях, тогда как определение ВНЛ у больных сердечно-сосудистой патологией в реальной клинической практике почти отсутствуют. При этом понимание процессов, связанных с нетозом, может помочь определить специфические маркеры и дальнейшие стратегии терапии ССЗ.

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39. Патент № 2768152 C1 Российская Федерация, МПК G01N 33/569, G01N 33/533, G01N 33/577. Способ обнаружения нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек в суправитально окрашенном препарате крови: № 2021129097: заявл. 06.10.2021: опубл. 23.03.2022 / Д.Г. Новиков, А.Н. Золотов, Н.А. Кириченко, А.В. Мордык; заявитель федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. EDN ARQUHO.

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