Наночастицы для адресной доставки лекарственных средств в современной кардиологии

Инфаркт миокарда (ИМ) является ведущей причиной смерти во всем мире. Потеря кардиомиоцитов в результате повреждений, таких как ИМ, часто приводит к фиброзному рубцеванию и угнетению сердечной функции. Использование систем адресной доставки лекарств всегда необходимо, поскольку они обеспечивают уникальные преимущества для повышения эффективности и снижения нежелательных эффектов. Наночастицы (НЧ) являются наиболее распространенными средствами доставки терапевтических агентов к ткани-мишени. НЧ для доставки лекарственных средств могут состоять из различных наноматериалов и структур, включая липиды, полимеры, дендримеры, углеродные нанотрубки и металлические наночастицы. Нами были рассмотрены подходы к кардиоспецифической доставке терапевтических средств на основе НЧ для лечения ишемической болезни сердца в доклинических и клинических исследованиях. Доставка лекарственных веществ на основе НЧ обладает потенциалом для специфического нацеливания на ткани и клетки, а также для пролонгированного высвобождения множества терапевтических агентов. Однако применение НЧ в терапии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний относительно ограниченно по сравнению с другими областями, такими как онкология и неврология. Одним из основных препятствий является отсутствие специфичности в современных системах нацеливания на сердце. Будущие исследования необходимы для выявления специфических лигандов/рецепторов в кардиомиоцитах и разработки новых НЧ с высокой аффинностью и специфичностью.

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