Features of hematological and immune reactions in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis living in the Аrctic region of the Russian Federation

Objective. To identify the features of hematological and immune reactions in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, living in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. The study involved 84 people aged 21–55, including 35 patients with AIT and 49 practically healthy ones at the time of examination. The study included estimating of erythrocyte aggregation, platelets, neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes, hemogram, neutrophil phagocytic activity, immunoperoxidase reaction, fl ow cytometry, enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

Results. In patients with AIT living in the Arctic, an increase in the aggregation of erythrocytes (82.86% vs. 65.31%) and platelets (11.43% vs. 2.04%), an increase in the number of monocytes with vacuolization of cytoplasm and nucleus (5.71% vs. 2.04%) and neutrophils with azurophilic granularity (14.28 vs. 10.20%) was found. Pathological processes in AIT are combined with a high frequency of neutropenia incidence (34.28% vs. 18.37%) and a defi ciency of phagocytic protection (34.28% vs. 4.08%). The compensatory reaction in neutropenia is manifested in a high level of monocytosis registration (48.57%) and eosinophilia (17.14%). In patients with AIT, a decrease in the total content of lymphocytes was revealed mainly with CD3+, CD3–CD16+CD56+, CD71+, CD25+, CD54+ receptors, as well as the level of sCD25, sCD54 against the background of an increase in the concentration of IFN-γ, IL-6, IgA, M, G.

Conclusion. The pathogenetic mechanism of tissue damage and infl ammation exacerbation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) living in the Arctic is a combination of increased levels of erythrocyte and platelet aggregation, degranulation of neutrophil granulocytes with the release of azurophilic granules, and vacuolization of monocyte cytoplasm and nucleus. Reduction in cell-mediated cytotoxicity alongside an increase in humoral reactions refl ects the risk of autoimmune processes formation. 

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