Современные рекомендации по диагностике саркопении

Саркопения — прогрессирующее генерализованное заболевание скелетных мышц, сопровождающееся потерей мышечной массы и снижением мышечной функции с увеличением риска неблагоприятных событий. Длительное время потеря мышечной массы и функции исследовалась как клинический симптом при тяжелых заболеваниях и состояниях в онкологии, эндокринологии, ревматологии и при ряде других системных заболеваний. Однако с ростом продолжительности жизни и старением населения саркопения как самостоятельное заболевание, ассоциированное с возрастом, приходит в общую врачебную практику и вносит существенный вклад в показатели инвалидизации и летальности. К настоящему времени различными международными исследовательскими группами предложено несколько определений саркопении, методов скрининга и критериев диагностики этого заболевания. В обзоре представлена эволюция определений и диагностических критериев саркопении и тяжелой саркопении. Рассматриваются изменения алгоритма диагностики саркопении согласно последним рекомендациям Европейской рабочей группы по саркопении у пожилых людей (European Working Group on Sarcopenia for Older People, EWGSOP) второго пересмотра, опубликованным в 2018 г. (EWGSOP2), а также результаты консенсусов Американского общества гериатров и Международной группы по изучению саркопении. Обобщены методы оценки мышечной массы, мышечной силы и функции скелетных мышц, пороговые значения и диагностические критерии саркопении ведущих международных исследовательских групп, а также результаты работы исследователей по адаптации тестов оценки саркопении в российской практике.

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