The COVID-19 pandemic as a consequence of sustainable changes in the planet’s biosphere

   The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has demonstrated the development of new global biological, biophysical and epidemiological processes able to change human environment and cause signifi cant demographic, social and economic consequences. The explanation of the pandemic as caused by accidental transmission of the virus from animal to human does not seem convincing and does not correspond to the scale of the planetary biological shifts that have occurred as a result of the pandemic. The authors of the article develop a hypothesis that links the causes of the COVID-19 pandemic with global environmental problems and damages of the biocoenosis of large ecosystems on the planet. The disastrous reduction of forest areas throughout the continents has led to a growing disproportion of the plant kingdom, animals and the expansion of viruses in biosphere. The mechanism of viral infections propagation has changed under conditions of violation of the stability of the biocoenosis and the fi lling of large ecosystems with viruses. Along with the traditional methods of infection transmission from person to person, the physical features of viruses and their correlations to the nanoworld have become signifi cantly important. Literature data and the results of our own research suggest that viruses have wave properties and are capable of creating stable resonance systems and an electromagnetic fi eld. Presumably, the energy of the electromagnetic fi eld determines the mechanism for filling ecosystems with viruses, “competitive relations” with other representatives of the microcosm, and the process of self-limitation of viral expansion. The article for the first time touches upon the issues of the interaction of viruses within the framework of viral and viral-bacterial microbiocenosis, the persistence of viruses in the human body and the development of chronic diseases. The study of the mechanisms of virus expansion, the patterns of emergence and contagion suggests new
opportunities for understanding the nature of new viral infections and the development of methods to resist them.

1. Origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/origins-of-the-virus

2. Apolone G., Montomoli E., Alessandro M. et al. Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy. DOI: 10.1177/0300891620974755

3. Herby J., Jonung L., Hanke S. A literature review and meta-analysis of the Eff ects of lockdowns on COVID-19 mortality. SAE. 2022; 200. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://sites.krieger.jhu.edu/iae/files/2022/01/A-Literature-Review-and-Meta-Analysis-of-the-Effects-of-Lockdowns-on-COVID-19-Mortality.pdf

4. Вернадский В. И. Биосфера и ноосфера / В. И. Вернадский ; Предисловие Р. К. Баландина. – М., Айрис-пресс, 2004. – 576. [Vernadsky V. I. Biosphere and noosphere / Preface by R. K. Balandin. Moscow: Iris-press, 2004: 576. (In Russian)].

5. Taylor D., Green N., Soper R. Biologycal science. Camdridge univer sity press. 2004.

6. Shirokov E. The Relationship of Changes in the Planet’s Biosphere with the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Foundations of the Physical Theory of Virus Expansion. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences. 2021; 7 (4): 74–80. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20210704.11

7. Кантур В. А. К вопросу разработки волновой теории вирусов / В. А. Кантур, В. В. Петросьянц. [Kantur V. A., Petrosyants V. V. On the development of the wave theory of viruses. (In Russian)]. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-razrabotki-volnovoy-teorii-virusov?ysclid=l82ojmaoai895912029

8. Kuznetsov Y., McPherson A. Atomic Force Microscopy in Imaging of Viruses and Virus-Infected Cells. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2011; 7: 268–285.

9. Nickbakhsha S., Maira C., Matthewsc L. et al. Virus–virus interactions impact the population dynamics of infl uenza and the common cold. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2019; 116 (52): 27142–27150.

10. Herber R. Vibrational medicine. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/vibrational-medicine-the-1-hand-book-of-subtle-energy-therapies-e162817922.html

11. Пращук Д. Когерентные волны материи / Д. Пращук // Химия и жизнь. – 2007. – 3. [Parashchuk D. Coherent waves of matter. Chemistry and life. 2007; 3. (In Russian)]. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/430447/Khimiya_i_zhizn_3_2007

12. Ступаков Г. П. Закономерности развития хронических заболеваний и новый принцип их лечения: монография / Г. П. Ступаков [и др.] – М., Редакционно-издательский дом Российского нового университета, 2021. – 48. [Stupakov G. P., Semenov B. F., Shcherbinina N. V., Roller I. S. Regularities of the development of chronic diseases and a new principle of their treatment: monograph. Moscow, Editorial and publishing House of the Russian New University, 2021:48. (In Russian)]

13. Пиневич А. В. Вирусология: учебник : 2-е изд., доп. / А. В. Пиневич [и др.] ; Под ред. А. В. Пиневича. – СПб.: Изд-во С.-Пет. универститета, 2020. – 442. [Pinevich A. V., Sirotkin A. K., Gavrilova O. V., Potekhin A. A. Virology: textbook. Edited by A. V. Pinevich. 2nd ed., dop. St. Petersburg, Publishing house of St. Petersburg University, 2020: 442. (In Russian)]

14. Широков Е. А. Гемодинамические кризы / Е. А. Широков. – М.: Издательство КВОРУМ, 2011. – 145. [Shirokov E. A. Hemodynamic crises. M., QUORUM Publishing House, 2011: 145.

15. Князева Е. Н. Основания синергетики. Синергетическое мировидение / Е. Н. Князева, С. П. Курдюмов. – М.: КомКнига, 2005. – 240. [Knyazeva E. N., Kurdyumov S. P. Fundamentals of synergetics. Synergetic worldview. Moscow, KomKniga, 2005: 240.(In Russian)].

16. Арнольд В. И. Теория катастроф / В. И. Арнольд. – М.: Едиториал УРСС, 2009. – 136. [Arnold V. I. Theory of catastrophes. Moscow, Editorial URSS, 2009: 136. (In Russian)].

17. Семенов Б. Ф. Аутоиммунитет при вирусных инфекциях / Б. Ф. Семенов, В. В. Харинский. – М.: Итоги науки и техники, 1993. – 26: 152. [Semenov B. F., Kharinsky V. V. Autoimmunity in viral infections. M., Itogi nauki i techniki. 1993; 26: 152.(In Russian)].

18. Семенов Б. Ф. Иммуномодуляция при вирусных инфекциях и вакцинация / Б. Ф. Семенов, В. В. Варген. – М.: Итоги науки и техники, 1988. – 17: 161. [Semenov B. F., Vargin V. V. Immunomodulation in viral infections and vaccination. M., Itogi nauki I techniki. 1988; 17:161. (In Russian)].

19. Зверев В. В. Корь. Молекулярная генетика возбудителя, эпидемиология, специфическая профилактика / В. В. Зверев, С. Г. Маркушин, Н. В. Юминова ; Под ред. В. В. Зверева. – СПб.: Изд-во Санкт-Петербургского государственного гуманитарного ун-та, 2004. – 110. [Zverev V. V., Markushin S. G., Yuminova N. V. Measles. Molecular genetics of the pathogen, epidemiology, specifi c prevention. Edited by V. V. Zverev. St. Petersburg, Publishing House of the St. Petersburg State Humanitarian University, 2004: 110. (In Russian)].

20. Файзулоев Е. Б. Риновирусные заболевания: патогенез, диагностика и лечение / Е. Б. Файзулоев, А. А. Никонова, В. В. Зверев // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунологии. – 2005. – 5: 115–121. [Fayzuloev E. B., Nikonova A. A., Zverev V. V. Rhinovirus diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunology. 2005; 5: 115–121. (In Russian)].

21. Юминов Н. В. Коревая инфекция: этап элиминации. Теоретические и практические аспекты элиминации кори: сб. науч. тр. / Н. В. Юминов [и др.] – М., 2005. – С. 163–167. [Yuminov N. V., Kolyshkin V. M., Alexander S. K., Zverev V. V. Measles infection: elimination stage. Theoretical and practical aspects of measles elimination: collection of scientific tr. M., 2005: 163–167. (In Russian)].