Pathogenetic mechanisms of development of small vessel disease of the brain

Cerebrovascular pathology occupies a leading position among the causes of mortality and long-term recovery from disability in countries with different income levels, which indicates the need to find new strategic directions for the prevention of these diseases. Today, among the most common forms of cerebrovascular diseases are acute ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment, in particular vascular dementia. In the pathogenesis of both of these conditions, damage to small vessels of the brain plays a significant role. The article is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the study of cerebrovascular diseases was conducted. Articles were selected from the database PubMed by searching for keywords: small vessel diseases, white matter hyperintensivity of the brain, lacunae, dilated perivascular spaces, brain atrophy, vascular cognitive impairment. Conclusion. The study of pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of cerebral microangiopathy or small vessel disease will allow developing directions in clinical and scientific research to find genetically based treatment and prevention strategies, which is extremely important for elderly patients.

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