Features of concentrations of endothelin-1, biologically active vasomotor amines and hormones in practically healthy residents of the North

Objective. To establish the features and interrelations of concentrations of endothelin-1, biologically active vasomotor amines and hormones in the blood of residents of the northern territories.

Material and methods. 499 practically healthy people aged 25–55 years living in the Arkhangelsk, Murmansk regions; Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic (Svetlogorsk) and the Svalbard archipelago (Barentsburg settlement) were examined. Serum concentrations of endothelin-1, serotonin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroxine, cortisol, thyrotropin (TSH), somatotropic hormone (STH) were determined by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. In practically healthy residents of the Arctic, compared with people living in territories equated to the regions of the Far North, a high frequency of registration of elevated blood concentrations of endothelin-1 (55.79 and 35.34%), serotonin (28.76 and 19.55%), norepinephrine (30.04 and 16.92%), as well as significant levels of elevated concentrations was established dopamine (13.30 and 9.77%;), adrenaline (6.44 and  3.02%), ACTH (9.76 and 5.79%), cortisol (8.13 and 4.96%) and STH (10.57 and 5.79%); p < 0.01–0.001.

Conclusion. Serotonin, initiating vascular reactions together with endothelin-1, determines the direction of its further development, supporting synaptic excitation or providing inhibition. The high level of coincidence of elevated concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine in 81 out of 115 people (70.43%) indicates that norepinephrine supports the regulation of the vascular bed caused by serotonin, prolonging or enhancing it. An increase in the concentration of adrenaline against the background of increased concentrations of norepinephrine (in 8 out of 115 people; 6.96%) causes the risk of an increase in total peripheral vascular resistance and vascular resistance in the kidneys. An increase in the concentration of dopamine above physiological limits is an expression of the need for processes to inhibit the mechanisms of regulation of hemodynamic reactions. Simultaneous increased concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol increase the tension of regulatory mechanisms with the formation of a state of readiness for stress (allostasis). Increases in ACTH, STH, and cortisol in the blood reflect metabolic changes that require both correction and control.

1. Vasiliev V.V., Selin V.S. The method of integrated environmental management zoning and the allocation of the southern border of the Russian Arctic. Vestnik Kol'skogo nauchnogo centra RAN. 2014;1:64–71. (In Russian).

2. Makhotkin L.G. Atmospherics and their nature. In: Electromagnetic fields in the biosphere. Moscow. Nauka. 1984;1:72–83. (In Russian).

3. Korobitsyn A.A. Electrocardiographic characteristics of the working population in the conditions of the European North. Human ecology. 1998;1:14–18. (In Russian).

4. Ustyuzhaninova N.V., Shishkin G.S., Milovanov A.P. Morphological bases of changes in gas exchange in the respiratory sections of the lungs in the inhabitants of the North. Bjulleten' SO RAMN. 1997;17(2):106–112. (In Russian).

5. Daanen H.A. Koedam J., Cheung S.S. Trainability of cold induced vasodilatation in fingers and toes. Eur. J. Physiol. 2012;112(7):2595–2601. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2233-4

6. Popov M.V. Dynamics of the restructuring of the microcirculatory bed in workers subjected to prolonged cooling of the limbs. Issues of acclimatization and the problem of practical health care. Abstracts of the scientific conference. Arkhangelsk. 1981:45–47. (In Russian).

7. Kim L.B. Oxygen transport during human adaptation to Arctic conditions and cardiorespiratory pathology. Novosibirsk. Nauka. 2015:216. (In Russian)].

8. Marachev A.G., Sorokov V.I., Kornev A.V. Bioenergetics of erythrocytes in the inhabitants of the North. Human physiology. 1982;8(3):407–415. (In Russian).

9. Avtsyn A.P., Zhavoronkov A.A., Marachev A.G., Milovanov A.P. Human pathology in the North. Moscow. Medicine. 1985:415. (In Russian).

10. Aghajanyan N.A., Sedov K.R., Chernaya R.A. Peripheral blood in the indigenous inhabitants of Eastern Siberia. Human physiology. 1991;17(2):112–117. (In Russian).

11. Panin L.E. Man in the extreme conditions of the Arctic. Bjulleten' SO RAMN. 2010;30(3):92–98. (In Russian).

12. Ivanova T.N., Nesterova A.A., Yuryeva G.A., Supryadkina V.A., Kuznetsova S.A. Some issues of coronary heart disease in the North. The main aspects of geographical pathology in the Far North. Norilsk. 1976:184–185. (In Russian).

13. Marachev A.G. Adaptive changes of the human heart in the conditions of the North. Abstracts of the second All-Union Conference on human adaptation to various geographical conditions. Novosibirsk. 1977;1:245–247. (In Russian).

14. Kaibyshev M.S. Perturbation of the geomagnetic field and heart rate. Solnechnye dannye. 1969;11:96–98. (In Russian).

15. Pozdnyakov V.Ya. On the relationship between geomagnetic disturbances and the morbidity of workers at the enterprises of the Nickel association. Biological problems of the North. Kirovsk. 1970:264. (In Russian).

16. Karavai A.F. On the influence of geomagnetic factors on some components of blood clotting in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency. Abstracts of the conference of physiotherapists and balneologists of Central Kazakhstan. Karaganda. 1970:151–152. (In Russian).

17. Bhaskara D.S., Srivastava B.J. Influence of solar and geomagnetic disturbances on road traffic accidents. Bull. Natl. Geophys. Res. Inst. (India). 1970;8(1–2):32–38.

18. Marchenko V.I. Influence of solar activity on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenesis. Research on geomagnetism, aeronomy and solar physics. Moscow. 1971;17:13–15. (In Russian).

19. Alabovsky Yu.I., Babenko A.I. Death from vascular diseases of the brain in years with different levels of magnetic activity. The influence of solar activity on the Earth's atmosphere and biosphere. Moscow. Nauka. 1971:189–190. (In Russian).

20. Thomas B.N., Buxbaum L.U. FcgammaRIII mediates immunoglobulin G-induced interleukin-10 and is required for chronic Leishmania mexicana lesions. Infect. Immun. 2008;76(2):623–631. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00316-07

21. Gallo P., Goncalves R., Mosser D.M. The influence of IgG density and macrophage Fc(gamma) receptor cross-linking on phagocytosis and IL-10 production. Immunol. Lett. 2010;133(2):70–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.07.004

22. Cyr A.R., Huckaby L.V., Shiva S.S., Zuckerbraun B.S. Nitric Oxide and Endothelial Dysfunction. Crit. Care Clin. 2020;36(2):307–321. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.009

23. Banecki K.M.R.M., Dora K.A. Endothelin-1 in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(14):11295. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411295

24. Özgökçe Ç., Öcal A., Ermiş I.S., Deveci E. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical examination of changes in the placenta as a result of severe preeclampsia. Acta Cir. Bras. 2023;38:e382023. DOI: 10.1590/acb382023

25. Vatter H., Zimmermann M., Tesanovic V., Raabe A., Schilling L., Seifert V. Cerebrovascular characterization of clazosentan, the first nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist clinically effective for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Part I: inhibitory effect on endothelin(A) receptor-mediated contraction. J. Neurosurg. 2005;102(6):1101–1107. DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.102.6.1101

26. Condon D.F., Agarwal S., Chakraborty A., Auer N., Vazquez R., Patel H., Zamanian R.T., de Jesus Perez V.A. Novel Mechanisms Targeted by Drug Trials in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest. 2022;161(4):1060–1072. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.10.010

27. Li L., Jin Y.P., Xia S.D., Feng C. The Biochemical Markers Associated with the Occurrence of Coronary Spasm. Biomed. Res. Int. 2019;2019:4834202. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4834202

28. Nimgampalle M., Chakravarthy H., Sharma S, Shree S., Bhat A.R., Pradeepkiran J.A., Devanathan V. Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: Emerging insights and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res. Rev. 2023;89:101994. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101994

29. Aleksandrova L.R., Phillips A.G. Neuroplasticity as a convergent mechanism of ketamine and classical psychedelics. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2021;42(11):929–942. DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.08.003

30. Delsouc M.B., Vallcaneras S., Daneri Becerra C., Mohamed F.H., Fernández M., Vega Orozco A.S., Casais M. Superior mesenteric ganglion via ovarian plexus nerve involved in the cross-talk between noradrenaline and GnRH in rat ovaries. Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. 2023;69(2):87–100. DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2153096

31. McHenry J., Carrier N., Hull E., Kaddaj M. Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014;35(1):42–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.09.001

32. Miguel P.M., Pereira L.O., Barth B., de Mendonça Filho E.J., Pokhvisneva I., Nguyen T.T.T., Garg E., Razzolini B.R., Koh D.X.P., Gallant H., Sassi R.B., Hall G.B.C., O'Donnell K.J., Meaney M.J., Silveira P.P. Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine Transporter Gene Network Moderates the Effect of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Conditions on Cognitive Flexibility and Brain Gray Matter Density in Children. Biol. Psychiatry. 2019;86(8):621–630. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.983

33. Tkachev A.V., Ramenskaya E.B. Ecological and physiological features of the pituitary gland–adrenal cortex–thyroid gland system. The endocrine system and metabolism in humans in the North. Syktyvkar. 1992:15–44. (In Russian).

34. Gubkina Z.D. Age and hormone content of the pituitary–adrenal cortex subsystems, pituitary–thyroid gland in women of the polar regions of the Arkhangelsk region. Problems of human ecology. Arkhangelsk. 2000:62–67. (In Russian).

35. Tipisova E.V. Reactivity and compensatory reactions of the endocrine system in the male population of the European North. Yekaterinburg. Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2009:202. (In Russian).

36. Kuckuck S., van der Valk E.S, Scheurink A.J.W., van der Voorn B., Iyer A.M., Visser J.A., Delhanty P.J.D., van den Berg S.A.A., van Rossum E.F.C. Glucocorticoids, stress and eating: The mediating role of appetite-regulating hormones. Obes. Rev. 2023;24(3):e13539. DOI: 10.1111/obr.13539

37. Le N.P., Varadhan R., Fried L.P., Cappola A.R. Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone Response to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Frailty in Older Women. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2021;76(5):901–905. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa134

38. Kalisch R., Russo S.J., Müller M.B. Neurobiology and systems biology of stress resilience. Physiol. Rev. 2024;104(3):1205–1263. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2023

39. Rusanov V.B., Larina I.M., Nosovsky A.M. The Concept of Allostasis and Autonomic Regulation in Space Flight. Human physiology. 2023;49(6):117–127. (In Russian).

40. Qi R., Sammler E., Gonzalez-Hunt C.P., Barraza I., Rouanet J.P., Naaldijk Y. et al. A blood-based marker of mitochondrial DNA damage in Parkinson's disease. Sci. Transl Med. 2023;15(711):eabo1557. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo1557

41. Franco R., Serrano-Marín J., Navarro G., Rivas-Santisteban R. The NADPH Link between the Renin Angiotensin System and the Antioxidant Mechanisms in Dopaminergic Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12(10):1869. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101869

42. Andrieiev I.V., Makukha Y.M., Kravchenko A.M., Gayova L.V. Biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction, their changes under the influence of treatment with various beta-adrenoblockers in young men with myocardial infarction. Wiad Lek. 2021;74(3cz2):625–629. DOI: 10.36740/WLek202103211

43. Brandt L., Liu S., Heim C., Heinz A. The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health. Transl. Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):398. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4

44. Chandel N.S. Amino Acid Metabolism. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2021;13(4):a040584. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040584