Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription Access
Current insights into the genome, substance addiction and homo delinquent comorbidity
https://doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-4-272-278
Abstract
A century and a half ago, Cesare Lombroso, based on anthropological research on “Homo delinquent” in criminology, anticipated the methodology of phenotyping. The rapid development of post-genomic concepts has contributed to the identification of genes responsible for addictive vulnerability, which also defi ne predisposition to other mental disorders. The study of genome-wide associations (GWAS) allows for the simultaneous consideration of genetic determinants in predicting phenotypic traits, including behavioral criminal manifestations and various forms of dependence on psychoactive substances. Identifying genetically determined comorbid deviant behavior and “pre-dependence” may help to focus special attention on the risks associated with the early stages of behavioral disorders and psychoactive substance use, as well as inform state policy, the penitentiary system, and healthcare resources that will support preventive medical measures and early intervention.
About the Authors
S. Kh. Sarmanaev
Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Salavat Kh. Sarmanaev — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Head of the Toxicological Center
Moscow
G. N. Suvorov
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Health Care and Medical Technology of the Federal Medical
and Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Georgy N. Suvorov — Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Health and Health Care at the Academy of Postgraduate Education
Moscow
References
1. Chrostek L. et al. Gender-related diff erences in hepatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase in humans. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 2003;17:93–96.
2. Lynch M. Science, truth, and forensic cultures: The exceptional legal status of DNA evidence. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 2013;44(1):60–70.
3. Volkow N.D. et al. The Role of Science in Addressing the Opioid Crisis. NEJM. 2017 May 31. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsr1706626
4. Sex and gender diff erences in substance use. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2020. URL: https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/substance-use-in-women...
5. Schiller E.Y. et al. Opioid Overdose. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing, 2022. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470415/
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Statistics Rapid Release — Provisional Drug Overdose Data. 2022. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm
7. American Medical Association. Issue brief: Nation’s drug-related overdose and death epidemic continues to worsen. 2022. URL: https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/issue-brief-increases-in-opioid-re...
8. Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 2022. URL: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health
9. Tiihonen J. et al. Genetic background of extreme violent behavior. Mol. Psychiatry. 2015;20(6):786-92.
10. Ezzati M. et al. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet. 2002;360:1347–1360.
11. Kendler K.S. et al. The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2003;60:929–937.
12. Gratacos M. et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and psychiatric disorders: meta-analysis of case–control studies confi rm association to substancerelated disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry. 2007;61:911–922.
13. Kendler K.S. et al. Genetic and environmental infuences on alcohol, cafeine, cannabis, and nicotine use from early adolescence to middle adulthood. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2008;65:674–682.
14. Li M.D. et al. New insights into the genetics of addiction. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2009;10(4):225–31.
15. Torgeirsson T.E. et al. Sequence variants at CHRNB3–CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 afect smoking behavior. Nat. Genet. 2010;42: 448–453.
16. Furberg H. et al. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior. Nat. Genet. 2010;42:441–447.
17. Hicks B.M. et al. Psychometric and genetic architecture of substance use disorder and behavioral disinhibition measures for gene association studies. Behav. Genet. -2011. -41, 459–475.
18. Bierut L.J. et al. ADH1B is associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption in populations of European and African ancestry. Mol. Psychiatry. -2012. -17, 445–450.
19. Polderman T.J. et al. Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on ff y years of twin studies.. Nat. Genet. -2015. -47, 702–709.
20. Torgeirsson T.E. et al. A rare missense mutation in CHRNA4 associates with smoking behavior and its consequences. Mol. Psychiatry. 2016;21:594–600.
21. Schumann G. et al. KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product β-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016;113:14372–14377.
22. Jorgenson E. et al. Genetic contributors to variation in alcohol consumption vary by race/ethnicity in a large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study. Mol. Psychiatry. 2017;22:1359–1367.
23. Liu M. et al. Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use. Nat. Genet. 2019;51:237–244.
24. Machado H. et al. DNA Technologies in criminal investigation and courts /In: Forensic genetics in the governance of crime. Palgrave Pivot. Singapore. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2429-5_4.
25. Enich M. et al. Peer health navigation experiences before and after prison release among people with opioid use disorder. Psychiatr. Serv. 2023;1;74(7):737–745.
26. Meade A.M. et al. Methods for delivering the UK’s multi-centre prison-based naloxone-on-release pilot randomised trial (N-ALIVE): Europe’s largest prison-based randomised controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018;37(4):487–498.
27. Сайт Уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. URL: https://fsin.gov.ru/structure/inspector/iao/statistika/Kratkaya%20har-ka%20UIS/.
28. Brook J.S. et al. Aggression, intrapsychic distress and drug use: antecedent and Intervening Processes. J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry. 1995;34(8):1077 –1084.
29. Brennan P. Biosocial risk factors and juvenile violence. Federal Probation. 1999;63(2):58–60.
30. L’Uomo delinquente, 1876; L’uomo delinquente in rapporto all’ antropologia, alla giurisprudenza ed alle discipline carcerarie: aggiuntavi La teoria della tutela penale del Prof. Avv. F. Poletti. Cesare Lombroso; Francisco Poletti. 2 ed. Torino: Bocca, 1878:746.
31. Winkler H. Verbreitung und Ursache der Parthenogenesis im Pflanzen- und Tierreiche. 1920. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 250 s
32. Galton F. Short Notes on Heredity, etc., in Twins. J. Anthropo.l Inst. 1875;5:324–329.
33. Siemens H. Die Zwillingspathologie, Springer-Verlag, 1924. Berlin.
34. Rende R.D. et al. Who discovered the twin method? Behavior Genetics. 1990;20(2):277–285.
35. Siemens H.W. Die Zwillingspathologie. Z.Ver-erbungslehre. 1924;35:311–312.
36. Kendler K. et al. Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US populationbased sample of male twins. Archives Of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(3):261–269.
37. Cloninger C.R. Implications of sex diff erences in the prevalences of antisocial personality, alcoholism, and criminality for familial transmission. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1978;35(8):941.
38. Bohman M. Some genetic aspects of alcoholism and criminality. A population of adoptees. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1978;35(3):269–276.
39. Sanger F. et al. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1977;74(12):5463–5467.
40. Mullis K.B. The unusual origin of the polymerase chain reaction. Scientifi c American. 1990;4:56–61.
41. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature. 2004;431:931-945.
42. Human genome: Genomes by the thousand. Nature. 2010;467:1026-1027.
43. 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, Auton A. et al. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature. 2015;526(7571):68–74.
44. Natalin P. 454-sequencing (high-throughput DNA pyrosequencing). A biomolecule. 2008. (In Russian)]. URL: https://biomolecula.ru/articles/454-sekvenirovanie-vysokoproizvoditelnoe-pirosekve-nirovanie-dnk
45. Lynch M. et al. Truth machine: The contentious history of DNA fingerprinting. 2008. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
46. Ducci F. et al. The genetic basis of addictive disorders. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2012;35(2):495–519.
47. Fedorenko O.Yu. et al. Association of PIP4K2A polymorphisms with alcohol use disorder. Genes. 2021;12(10):1642. DOI: 10.3390/genes12101642
48. Modena B.D. et al. Leveraging genomics to uncover the genetic, environmental and age-related factors leading to asthma. in Genomic and Precision Medicine. Ed.: G.S. Ginsburg, et al. 3rd Edition. 2019: 331–381. Hardback ISBN: 9780128014967 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801496-7.00018-6.
49. Feinn R. et al. Meta-analysis of the association of a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with alcohol dependence. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2005;133B:79–84.
50. Munafo M.R. et al. The genetics basis for smoking behavior: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2004;6:583-597.
51. Stapleton J.A. et al. Association between dopamine transporter genotypes and smoking cessation: a meta-analysis. Addict. Biol. 2007;12:221–226.
52. Munafo M.R. et al. Association of the DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism and alcoholism: a meta-analysis of case–control studies and evidence of publication bias. Mol. Psychiatry. 2007;12:454–461.
53. Smith L. et al. Meta-analysis of the association of the Taq1A polymorphism with the risk of alcohol dependency: a HuGE genedisease association review. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2008;167:125–138.
54. Foll B.L. et al. Genetics of dopamine receptors and drug addiction: a comprehensive review. Behav. Pharmacol. 2009;20:1–17.
55. Li M.D. et al. Progress in searching for susceptibility loci and genes for smoking-related behaviour. Clin. Genet. 2004;66:382–392.
56. Blum K. et al. Why haven’t we solved the addiction crisis?. J. Neurol. Sci. 2022;442:120404.
57. Marcos M. et al. Interleukin-10 gene polymorphism is associated with alcoholism but not with alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol. 2008;43:523–528.
58. Gratacos M. et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and psychiatric disorders: meta-analysis of case–control studies confirm association to substancerelated disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry. 2007; 61:911–922.
59. Snytkov E.V. et al. The role of genetic polymorphism and intergenic interactions in the formation of drug addiction in humans. Molecular and applied genetics. 2020;29:70-85. (In Russian)].
60. Edwards S.L. et al. Beyond GWASs: illuminating the dark road from association to function. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2013;93(5):779–797.
61. Visscher P.M. et al. 10 years of GWAS discovery: biology, function, and translation. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2017;101(1):5–22.
62. Polonikov A.V. et al. Bioinformatic tools and online resources for assessing the regulatory potential of polymorphic loci identifi ed by genome-wide associative studies of multifactorial diseases. Scientific results of biomedical research. 2021;1. (In Russian)]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/bioinformaticheskie-instrumenty-i-internet-resursy-dlya-otsenki-regulyatornogo-potentsiala-polimorfnyh-lokusov-ustanovlennyh (дата обращения: 20.09.2023).
63. Abdellaoui A. et al. 15 years of GWAS discovery: Realizing the promise. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2023;2;110(2):179–194.
64.
Review
For citations:
Sarmanaev S.Kh., Suvorov G.N. Current insights into the genome, substance addiction and homo delinquent comorbidity. Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal). 2025;103(4):272-278. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-4-272-278
Views:
23
Email this article 