Potential of stem cells in tissue and organ regeneration, current clinical trials

Regenerative medicine, based on the use of stem cells (SC), represents one of the most promising areas of modern medicine. Objective: to explore the possibilities of using SC in the restoration of tissues and organs, as well as to analyze current clinical trials in this field. Material and methods. The article examines types of SC such as embryonic, pluripotent, and mesenchymal stem cells, and analyzes current clinical trials regarding their application. Results. The main focus is on the mechanisms of action of SC after transplantation, issues of their long-term safety, mechanisms of differentiation, and integration into the tissues of the body. Conclusion. Despite the progress made, the application of SC is associated with a number of unresolved issues, such as the risk of malignant transformation of cells and the possibility of virus transmission during allogeneic transplantation.

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