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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-9-10-714-722</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Узловой зоб и перенесенный COVID-19: клинико-патогенетические взаимосвязи, сонографические и цитологические особенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nodular goiter and anamnesis of COVID-19: clinical and pathogenetic relationships, sonographic and cytological features</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3733-0668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некрасов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekrasov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Некрасов Андрей Игоревич — аспирант кафедры эндокринологии и внутренних болезней</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey I. Nekrasov — postgraduate student of the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases </p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ai.nekrasov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-0703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Починка</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochinka</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Починка Илья Григорьевич — д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой эндокринологии и внутренних болезней</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya G. Pochinka — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases </p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стронгин</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strongin</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стронгин Леонид Григорьевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры эндокринологии и внутренних болезней</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid G. Strongin — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases </p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлинская</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlinskaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлинская Наталья Юрьевна — д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии, заведующий отделением патологической анатомии университетской клиники</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Yu. Orlinskaya — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the University Clinic </p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-3139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговая</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovaya</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луговая Лия Александровна — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии и внутренних болезней</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liya A. Lugovaya — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Diseases </p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-023X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельниченко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельниченко Олеся Владимировна — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры факультетской и поликлинической терапии</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya V. Melnichenko — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Therapy </p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ НО «Городская клиническая больница №5»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Hospital No. 5</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>9-10</issue><elocation-id>714–722</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Некрасов А.И., Починка И.Г., Стронгин Л.Г., Орлинская Н.Ю., Луговая Л.А., Мельниченко О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Некрасов А.И., Починка И.Г., Стронгин Л.Г., Орлинская Н.Ю., Луговая Л.А., Мельниченко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nekrasov A.I., Pochinka I.G., Strongin L.G., Orlinskaya N.Y., Lugovaya L.A., Melnichenko O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/947">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/947</self-uri><abstract><p>В литературе имеются данные о развитии деструктивного тиреоидита у больных COVID-19, что может увеличить риск тиреоидной патологии в постковидном периоде. Особое внимание уделяют аутоиммунным тиреоидным заболеваниям, тогда как влияние COVID-19 на узловой зоб (УЗ) изучено мало.</p><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: изучить сонографические и цитологические особенности УЗ у пациентов с COVID-19 в ближайшем анамнезе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследовано 132 больных, последовательно обратившихся в лечебное учреждение в октябре–мае 2021–2022 гг., где им впервые был поставлен диагноз УЗ. Из них 36 отрицали анамнез COVID-19 (контрольная группа), а 96 перенесли его 2–9 мес. назад (основная группа).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По сонографическим данным, в основной группе было больше больных с микрокальцинатами (17 (17,8%) против 2 (5,6%), р = 0,047), кистозным компонентом узлов (22 (22,9%) против 2 (5,6%), р = 0,015), гипоэхогенными узлами (23 (23,9%) против 4 (11,1%), р = 0,078). В основной группе чаще выявлялись цитологические признаки дегенеративных изменений тиреоцитов в сочетании со скоплениями макрофагов, что является неспецифическим, но частым проявлением последствий деструктивного тиреоидита (16 (39,0%) против 2 (10,0%), р = 0,017).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Узловой зоб, выявленный в постковидном периоде, характеризуется ростом распространенности микрокальцинатов, тенденцией к снижению эхогенности узлов, а также кистообразованием на фоне дегенеративных изменений тиреоидной ткани. Особенности УЗ, выявленного в постковидном периоде, не исключают склонности к онкогенным нарушениям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is literature data on the development of destructive thyroiditis in patients with COVID-19, which may increase the risk of thyroid pathology in the post-COVID period. Special attention is paid to autoimmune thyroid diseases, while the impact of COVID-19 on nodular goiter (NG) has been studied little.</p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the sonographic and cytological features of nodular goiter in patients with a recent history of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 patients who sequentially presented to a healthcare facility between October and May 2021-2022, where they were fi rst diagnosed with nodular goiter, were examined. Of these, 36 denied a history of COVID-19 (control group), while 96 had experienced it 2-9 months prior (main group).</p><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: According to sonographic data, there were more patients in the main group with microcalcifications (17 (17.8%) vs. 2 (5.6%), p = 0.047), cystic components of nodules (22 (22.9%) vs. 2 (5.6%), p = 0.015), and hypoechoic nodules (23 (23.9%) vs. 4 (11.1%), p = 0.078). In the main group, cytological signs of degenerative changes in thyrocytes combined with macrophage clusters were more frequently observed, which is a nonspecifi c but common manifestation of the consequences of destructive thyroiditis (16 (39.0%) vs. 2 (10.0%), p = 0.017).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Nodular goiter identified in the post-COVID period is characterized by an increased prevalence of microcalcifi cations, a tendency towards reduced echogenicity of nodules, as well as cyst formation against a background of degenerative changes in thyroid tissue. The features of nodular goiter identified in the post-COVID period do not exclude a propensity for oncogenic disorders. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постковидный период</kwd><kwd>узловой зоб</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>цитология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-COVID period</kwd><kwd>nodular goiter</kwd><kwd>ultrasound examination</kwd><kwd>cytology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen W., Lei J. &amp; Li, Z. Thyroid function changes and COVID-19 severity: egg or chicken? Endocrine. 2022;78:436–440. DOI:10.1007/s12020-022-03129-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen W., Lei J. &amp; Li, Z. Thyroid function changes and COVID-19 severity: egg or chicken? Endocrine. 2022;78:436–440. 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