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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-8-675-682</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-924</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профессор Христиан Альберт Теодор Бильрот (1829–1894): жизнь и творчество великого  мастера хирургии (к 195-летию со дня рождения).</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Professor Christian Albert Theodor Billroth (1829–1894): the life and work of the great master of surgery. To the 195th anniversary of his birth</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-177X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргошия</surname><given-names>Т. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgoshiya</surname><given-names>T. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моргошия Темури Шакроевич — канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург-онколог </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Temuri Sh. Morgoshiya — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Oncologist surgeon </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">temom1972@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический) имени Н.П. Напалкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Napalkov Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialised Types of Medical Care (Oncological)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>675</fpage><lpage>682</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Моргошия Т.Ш., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Моргошия Т.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morgoshiya T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/924">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/924</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены жизнь и творчество выдающегося хирурга с мировым именем — профессора Теодора Бильрота. Приведены малоизвестные и значимые факты из жизни ученого-новатора. Невозможно переоценить его вклад в абдоминальную хирургию и практическую медицину в целом. Одной из заслуг Т. Бильрота была разработка годовых отчетов в руководимых им хирургических клиниках, которые он со своими сотрудниками собрал за 17 лет и опубликовал в 1879 г. Т. Бильротом были произведены первое удаление гортани при злокачественном процессе, первое удаление простаты, экстирпация pancreаs, разработка операций на языке, замкнутый способ лечения эхинококков, первая резекция пищевода, которая в свою очередь привела к разработке резекций и операций на желудочно-кишечном тракте. Сначала резекция желудка разрабатывалась им и его ассистентами на животных, и уже затем в 1881 г. была применена на живом человеке. 29 января 1881 г. им была выполнена операция (первая успешная в мире) — «резекция привратника» у пациентки, имевшей стеноз вследствие рака желудка. Анализируется то обстоятельство, что он был общепризнанным и уважаемым лидером мировой абдоминальной хирургии, создателем и руководителем авторитетной германской научной школы — из нее вышли выдающиеся хирурги, которые основали свои школы, воспитали достойных учеников и оставили весомый след в европейской практической медицине.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the life and work of the outstanding world-renowned surgeon, Professor Theodor Billroth. It includes lesser-known yet significant facts about the life of this innovative scientist. His contributions to abdominal surgery and practical medicine as a whole cannot be overstated. One of Billroth’s contributions was the development of annual reports in the surgical clinics he led, which he and his colleagues compiled over 17 years and published in 1879. He performed the first laryngectomy for malignancy, the first prostatectomy, and the extirpation of the pancreas, among other pioneering operations. Billroth also developed surgical procedures for the tongue, a closed method for treating echinococcosis, and the first esophagectomy, leading to advancements in gastrointestinal surgery. Initially, gastric resection was developed by him and his assistants in animals before being applied to a living human in 1881. On January 29, 1881, he performed the world’s first successful “pyloric resection” on a patient with stenosis due to stomach cancer. Billroth is recognized as a respected leader in global abdominal surgery and as the founder and head of a prestigious German scientific school, which produced notable surgeons who established their own schools, trained worthy students, and made significant contributions to European practical medicine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биография</kwd><kwd>Теодор Бильрот</kwd><kwd>И. Брамс</kwd><kwd>научная школа Т. Бильрота</kwd><kwd>дружба Т. Бильрота и Н.И. Пирогова</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная хирургия</kwd><kwd>резекция желудка</kwd><kwd>методики по Бильрот-I  и Бильрот-II</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biography</kwd><kwd>Theodor Billroth</kwd><kwd>I. Brahms</kwd><kwd>Billroth’s scientifi c school</kwd><kwd>friendship between Billroth and  N.I. Pirogov</kwd><kwd>experimental surgery</kwd><kwd>gastric resection</kwd><kwd>Billroth-I and Billroth-II techniqu</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сигуа Б.В., Земляной В.П., Филенко Б.П., Котков П.А., Данилов А.М., Мавиди И.П. Теодор Бильрот — основоположник желудочной хирургии. Вестник Российской Военно-медицинской академии. 2020;22(1);234–237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sigua B.V., Zemlyanoy V.P., Filenko B.P., Kotkov P.A., Danilov A.M., Mavidi I.P. Theodor Billroth — the founder of gastric surgery. 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