clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-4-315-322clinmed-812Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESГеморрагические осложнения экстренных эндоваскулярных вмешательствHemorrhagic complications of emergency endovascular interventionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-8756СуковатыхБ. С.SukovatykhB. S.

Суковатых Борис Семенович — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии

Курск

Boris S. Sukovatykh — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of General Surgery 

SukovatykhBS@kursksmu.nethttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2225БоломатовН. В.BolomatovN. V.

Боломатов Николай Владимирович — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры грудной и сердечно-сосудистой хирургии с курсами рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии, хирургической аритмологии и хирургических инфекций

Москва

Nikolay V. Bolomatov — Head of the Department of X-ray surgical methods of diagnosis and treatment 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-5937СидоровД. В.SidorovD. V.

Сидоров Дмитрий Викторович — канд. мед. наук, врач отделения рентгенхирургических методов диагностики и лечения

Орел

Dmitry V. Sidorov — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), doctor of the Department of X-ray surgical methods of diagnosis and treatment

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-4395СуковатыхМ. Б.SukovatykhM. B.

Суковатых Михаил Борисович — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии

Курск

Mikhail B. Sukovatykh — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of General Surgery 

ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKursk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKursk City Emergency HospitalRussian FederationБУЗ Орловской области «Орловская областная клиническая больница»РоссияOryol Regional Clinical HospitalRussian Federation2024230720241024315322Copyright © Суковатых Б.С., Боломатов Н.В., Сидоров Д.В., Суковатых М.Б., 20242024Суковатых Б.С., Боломатов Н.В., Сидоров Д.В., Суковатых М.Б.Sukovatykh B.S., Bolomatov N.V., Sidorov D.V., Sukovatykh M.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/812

В статье представлены систематизированные данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы об актуальности проблемы геморрагических осложнений, возникающих при выполнении экстренного эндоваскулярного вмешательства. Изложена обобщающая классификация осложнений и подчеркнута частота больших и малых геморрагий различной локализации в зависимости от причины, их вызвавшей. Рассмотрены различные факторы риска, причины и механизмы развития геморрагий, ассоциированные с операционным доступом, диссекцией и разрывом сосуда, проведением антикоагулянтной, дезагрегантной и тромболитической терапии. Подробно описаны методики профилактики и лечения геморрагических осложнений эндоваскулярных вмешательств.

The article provides a systematic review of data from domestic and international literature on the issue of hemorrhagic complications that can occur during emergency endovascular interventions. It provides a generalized classifi cation of these complications and highlights the frequency of major and minor hemorrhages in diff erent locations, depending on their underlying cause. Various factors, causes, and mechanisms related to the development of hemorrhaging are discussed, including those associated with surgical access, vessel dissection, rupture, anticoagulation, anti-platelet therapy, and thrombolysis. Methods for preventing and treating these complications following endovascular procedures are also described in detail.

эндоваскулярные вмешательствагеморрагические осложненияоперативный доступдиссекция и разрыв сосудаантикоагулянтыдезагрегантытромболитическая терапияendovascular interventionshemorrhagic complicationssurgical accessdissection and rupture of a vesselanticoagulantsdisaggregantsthrombolytic therapyReferencesКиркина Н.Ю., Куличенкова Ю.С. Применение чрескожного коронарного вмешательства в лечении острого коронарного синдрома с подъемом сегмента ST. Клиническая медицина и фармакология. 2020; 6(1):48–52.Kirkina N. Yu., Kulichenkova Yu.S. Use of percutaneous coronary in the treatment ST elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical medicine and pharmacology. 2020;6(1):48–52. (In Russian).Хоролец Е.В., Шлык С.В. Возможности реперфузионной терапии пациентов с острым инфарктом миокарда. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):87–91.Khorolets E.V., Shlyk S.V. Possibilities of reperfusion therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):87–91. (In Russian).Бессонов И.С., Кузнецов В.А., Дьякова А.О. и др. Эндоваскулярная реваскуляризация при остром инфаркте миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST: результаты 10 летнего наблюдения. Кардиология. 2020;60(6):69–75.Bessonov I.S., Kuznetsov V.A., Dyakova A.O. et. al. Percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: 10-years follow-up. Caridology. 2020;60(6):69–75. (In Russian).Алексеева Я.В., Вышлов Е.В., Марков В.А. и др. Отсроченное эндоваскулярное вмешательство при остром инфаркте миокарда с массивным тромбозом инфаркт-связанной коронарной артерии. Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2018;33(2):16–20.Alekseeva Ya.V., Vyshlov E.V., Markov V.A. Deferred stent implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and massive coronary thrombosis. Siberian Medical Journal. 2018;33(2):16–20. (In Russian).Андрюшков А.Р. Сравнение результатов раннего и отсроченного чрескожного коронарного вмешательства у больных с острым коронарным синдромом без подъема сегмента ST системный анализ рандомизированных клинических исследований. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2020;7(190):46–49.Andreushkov A.R. Comparison of results of early and delayed pci in patients with acs without ST segment elevation. system analysis of rct. Ural Medical Journal. 2020;7(190):46–49. (In Russian).Téblick A., Vanderbruggen W., Vandendriessche T. Comparison of radial access versus femoral access with the use of a vascular closure device for the prevention of vascular complications and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Cardiol. 2018;73(3):241–247. DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1363947. PMID: 28851255Téblick A., Vanderbruggen W., Vandendriessche T. Comparison of radial access versus femoral access with the use of a vascular closure device for the prevention of vascular complications and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Cardiol. 2018;73(3):241–247. DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1363947. PMID: 28851255Badri M., Shapiro T., Wang Y. et. al. Adoption of the transradial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention and rates of vascular complications following transfemoral procedures: Insights from NCDR. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2018;1:92(5):835–841. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27490. PMID: 29359497Badri M., Shapiro T., Wang Y. et. al. Adoption of the transradial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention and rates of vascular complications following transfemoral procedures: Insights from NCDR. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2018;1:92(5):835–841. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27490. PMID: 29359497Андреев А.А., Ольшанский М.С., Сухочев Е.Н. Локальный гемостаз при эндоваскулярных вмешательствах. Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии. 2015;8 (4):382–387.Andreev A.A., Olshansky M.S., Sukhochev E.N. Local hemostasis in endovascular interventions. Bulletin of experimental and clinical surgery. 2015;8(4):382–387. (In Russian).Киреев К.А., Абайдулин Р.Ж., Фокин А.А., Киреева Т.С. Клиническое наблюдение геморрагического и тромботического осложнения после чрескожного коронарного вмешательства при инфаркте миокарда. Диагностическая и интервенционная радиология. 2015;9(2–1):72–78.Kireev K.A., Abaidulin R.Zh., Fokin A.A., Kireeva T.S. Clinical observation of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary intervention in myocardial infarction. Diagnostic and interventional radiology. 2015;9(2–1):72–78. (In Russian).Roule V., Lemaitre A., Sabatier R., Lognoné T. et al. Transradial versus transfemoral approach for percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock: A radial-fi rst centre experience and meta-analysis of published studies.. Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2015;108(11):563–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.06.005Roule V., Lemaitre A., Sabatier R., Lognoné T. et al. Transradial versus transfemoral approach for percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock: A radial-fi rst centre experience and meta-analysis of published studies.. Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2015;108(11):563–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.06.005Галимов О.В., Ханов В.О., Ибрагимов Т.Р. Постпункционный гемостаз в эндоваскулярной хирургии. Хирург. 2018;11–12:77– 81.Galimov O.V., Khanov V.O. Ibragimov T.R. Post-paracentesis hemostasis during endovascular surgery. Surgeon. 2018;11–12:77– 81. (In Russian).Шевченко Ю.Л., Боломатов Н.В., Виллер А.Г., Харпунов В.Ф. Лечение постпункционных пульсирующих гематом. Международный журнал интервенционной кардиоангиологии. 2013;35: 88a.Shevchenko Yu.L., Bolomatov N.V., Viller A.G., Harpunov V.F. Treatment of post-functional pulsating hematomas. International Journal of interventional cardioangiology. 2013;35:88a. (In Russian).Vogiatzis I., Sdogkos E., Aidinis A. et al. Spontaneous dissection of the coronary vessels. epidemiological and coronary angiographic study. Mater Sociomed. 2019;31(3):177–180. DOI:10.5455/msm.2019;31:177-180Vogiatzis I., Sdogkos E., Aidinis A. et al. Spontaneous dissection of the coronary vessels. epidemiological and coronary angiographic study. Mater Sociomed. 2019;31(3):177–180. DOI:10.5455/msm.2019;31:177-180Sahu K.K., Mishra A.K., George S.V. et al. Managing retroperitoneal hematoma: Associated complexities and its challenges. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2020;38(9):1957–1958. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.02.003Sahu K.K., Mishra A.K., George S.V. et al. Managing retroperitoneal hematoma: Associated complexities and its challenges. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2020;38(9):1957–1958. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.02.003Shah S.R., Alweis R. Acute coronary artery dissection: a review of the literature and current evidence. Cardiol. Rev. 2018;26(5):274– 276. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000186Shah S.R., Alweis R. Acute coronary artery dissection: a review of the literature and current evidence. Cardiol. Rev. 2018;26(5):274– 276. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000186Yamamoto K., Sakakura K., Momomura Sh.-I. et al. Conservative management of severe coronary artery hematoma and dissection following stent implantation. Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med. 2019;20(4):347–350. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.04.019Yamamoto K., Sakakura K., Momomura Sh.-I. et al. Conservative management of severe coronary artery hematoma and dissection following stent implantation. Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med. 2019;20(4):347–350. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.04.019Майнгарт С.В., Гречишкин А.А., Пахолков А.Н. Случай эндовас кулярного лечения острой антероретроградной диссекции левой коронарной артерии после чрескожного коро нарного вмешательства на передней нисходящей артерии с имплантацией стента. Эндоваскулярная хирургия. 2016;3 (4):45–51.Mayngart S.V., Grechishkin A.A., Pakholkov A.N. Case of the successful treatment of antero-retrograde dissection of the left main coronary artery after percutaneous coronary intervention on left anterior descending artery with the stent implantation. Russian journal of Endovascular surgery. 2016;3 (4):45–51. (In Russian).Тлегенова Ж.Ш., Б.К. Жолдин, Г.Л. Курманалина Г.Л. Спонтанная диссекция коронарной артерии: обзор литературы и описание клинического случая. Западно-Казахстанский медицинский журнал. 2020;62(1):86–92.Tlegenova ZH.SH., Zholdin B.K, Kurmanalina G.L. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: literature review and case report. 1 West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University. Aktobe, Kazakhstan. 2020;62(1):86–92. (In Russian)Verlaeckt E., Van de Bruaene L., Coeman M. et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with hereditary polycystic kidney disease and a recent liver transplant: a case report. Eur. Heart J. Case Rep. ed. Ghanem A. et al. 2019;3(4):1–5. DOI:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz216Verlaeckt E., Van de Bruaene L., Coeman M. et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with hereditary polycystic kidney disease and a recent liver transplant: a case report. Eur. Heart J. Case Rep. ed. Ghanem A. et al. 2019;3(4):1–5. DOI:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz216Luong C., Starovoytov A., Heydari M. et al. Clinical presentation of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection: clinical presentation of patients with SCAD. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2017;89(7):1149–1154. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.26977Luong C., Starovoytov A., Heydari M. et al. Clinical presentation of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection: clinical presentation of patients with SCAD. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2017;89(7):1149–1154. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.26977Hayes S.N., Kim E.S., Saw J. et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of the science: a scientifi c statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(19):523–557. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000564Hayes S.N., Kim E.S., Saw J. et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of the science: a scientifi c statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(19):523–557. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000564Urasyanandana K., Songsang D., Aurboonyawat T. et. al. Treatment outcomes in cerebral artery dissection and literature review. Interv. Neuroradiol. 2018;24(3):254–262. DOI: 10.1177/1591019918755692Urasyanandana K., Songsang D., Aurboonyawat T. et. al. Treatment outcomes in cerebral artery dissection and literature review. Interv. Neuroradiol. 2018;24(3):254–262. DOI: 10.1177/1591019918755692Iwamoto T., Oyama N., Kitano T.et al. Spontaneous dissection of both vertebral arteries diagnosed with three-dimensional t1-weighted image. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2019;28(6):e71–e72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.035Iwamoto T., Oyama N., Kitano T.et al. Spontaneous dissection of both vertebral arteries diagnosed with three-dimensional t1-weighted image. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2019;28(6):e71–e72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.035Hensler J., Jensen-Kondering U., Ulmer S. Spontaneous dissections of the anterior cerebral artery: a meta-analysis of the literature and three recent cases. Neuroradiology. 2016;58(10):997–1004. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1731-9Hensler J., Jensen-Kondering U., Ulmer S. Spontaneous dissections of the anterior cerebral artery: a meta-analysis of the literature and three recent cases. Neuroradiology. 2016;58(10):997–1004. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1731-9Anadure R.K., Mohimen A., Saxena R. et al. A study on the clinical and angiographic spectrum of spontaneous extracranial dissections in the cerebral vasculature. J. Neurosci. Rural. Pract. 2018;9(3):344– 349. DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_540_17Anadure R.K., Mohimen A., Saxena R. et al. A study on the clinical and angiographic spectrum of spontaneous extracranial dissections in the cerebral vasculature. J. Neurosci. Rural. Pract. 2018;9(3):344– 349. DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_540_17Sporns P.B., Niederstadt T., Heindel W. et al. Imaging of spontaneous and traumatic cervical artery dissection : comparison of typical ct angiographic features. Clin. Neuroradiol. 2019;29(2):269–275. DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0666-4Sporns P.B., Niederstadt T., Heindel W. et al. Imaging of spontaneous and traumatic cervical artery dissection : comparison of typical ct angiographic features. Clin. Neuroradiol. 2019;29(2):269–275. DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0666-4Ikeda H., Sano N., Torikoshi S. et al. Dissection of the vertebral artery fenestration limb presenting with occlusion after rupture. World Neurosurg. 2020;135:324–329. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.133Ikeda H., Sano N., Torikoshi S. et al. Dissection of the vertebral artery fenestration limb presenting with occlusion after rupture. World Neurosurg. 2020;135:324–329. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.133Shibahara T., Yasaka M., Wakugawa Y. et al. Improvement and aggravation of spontaneous unruptured vertebral artery dissection. Cerebrovasc. Dis. Extra. 2017;7(3):153–164. DOI: 10.1159/000481442Shibahara T., Yasaka M., Wakugawa Y. et al. Improvement and aggravation of spontaneous unruptured vertebral artery dissection. Cerebrovasc. Dis. Extra. 2017;7(3):153–164. DOI: 10.1159/000481442Felice Pecoraro, Ettore Dinoto, David Pakeliani et al. Endovascular Treatment of Spontaneous Internal Carotid Artery Dissection with Proximal Embolic Protection Device. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2020;66:667. e9–667.e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.12.019Felice Pecoraro, Ettore Dinoto, David Pakeliani et al. Endovascular Treatment of Spontaneous Internal Carotid Artery Dissection with Proximal Embolic Protection Device. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2020;66:667. e9–667.e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.12.019Cannon Ch.P., Gropper S., Bhatt D.L.et al. Design and rationale of the RE-DUAL PCI trial: a prospective, randomized, phase 3b study comparing the safety and effi cacy of dual antithrombotic therapy with dabigatran etexilate versus warfarin triple therapy in patients with nonvalvular atrial fi brillation who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting. Clin. Cardiol. 2016;39(10):555– 564. DOI: 10.1002/clc.22572Cannon Ch.P., Gropper S., Bhatt D.L.et al. Design and rationale of the RE-DUAL PCI trial: a prospective, randomized, phase 3b study comparing the safety and effi cacy of dual antithrombotic therapy with dabigatran etexilate versus warfarin triple therapy in patients with nonvalvular atrial fi brillation who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting. Clin. Cardiol. 2016;39(10):555– 564. DOI: 10.1002/clc.22572Dahal Kh., Mosleh W., Almnajam M. et al. NOAC-Based sual therapy versus warfarin-based triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in patients with atrial fi brillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med. 2020;21(10):1202–1208. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.03.012Dahal Kh., Mosleh W., Almnajam M. et al. NOAC-Based sual therapy versus warfarin-based triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in patients with atrial fi brillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med. 2020;21(10):1202–1208. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.03.012Суковатых Б.С., Середицкий А.В., Суковатых М.Б. Эндоваскулярная хирургия тромбоза глубоких вен. Хирургия. Журнал имени Н.И. Пирогова. 2023;2:79–85. DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202302179Sukovatykh B.S., Sereditsky A.V., Sukovatykh M.B. Endovascular surgery of deep vein thrombosis. Surgery. Journal named after N.I. Pirogov.2023; 2:79–85. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202302179Khan S.U., Osman M., Khan-Dual M.U. et al. Versus triple therapy for atrial fi brillation after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2020;172(7):474–483. DOI: 10.7326/M19-3763Khan S.U., Osman M., Khan-Dual M.U. et al. Versus triple therapy for atrial fi brillation after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2020;172(7):474–483. DOI: 10.7326/M19-3763Ten Berg J.M., de Veer A., Oldgren J. et al. Switching of oral anticoagulation therapy after pci in patients with atrial fi brillation: The RE-DUAL PCI Trial Subanalysis. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2019;12(23):2331–2341. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.08.039Ten Berg J.M., de Veer A., Oldgren J. et al. Switching of oral anticoagulation therapy after pci in patients with atrial fi brillation: The RE-DUAL PCI Trial Subanalysis. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2019;12(23):2331–2341. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.08.039Bagur R., Jolly S.S. et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2018;11(10):e007368. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007368Bagur R., Jolly S.S. et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2018;11(10):e007368. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007368Aaqib H Malik, Srikanth Yandrapalli, Suchith S Shetty et. al. Meta-analysis of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Monotherapy With P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020;15;127:25–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.027Aaqib H Malik, Srikanth Yandrapalli, Suchith S Shetty et. al. Meta-analysis of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Monotherapy With P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020;15;127:25–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.027Dominick J. Angiolillo1 , Matthew J. Price Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Therapy in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Interv. Cardiol. Clin. 2017;6(1):xi–xii. DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2016.10.001Dominick J. Angiolillo1 , Matthew J. Price Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Therapy in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Interv. Cardiol. Clin. 2017;6(1):xi–xii. DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2016.10.001Bedjaoui A., Allal K., Lounes M.S. et. al. Intracoronary or intravenous abciximab after aspiration thrombectomy in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc. J. Afr. 2019;30(1):45–51. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2018-063Bedjaoui A., Allal K., Lounes M.S. et. al. Intracoronary or intravenous abciximab after aspiration thrombectomy in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc. J. Afr. 2019;30(1):45–51. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2018-063Ahmed N Rgeeb , Hussein A Alsalkh , Ali Kadhim Radhi , Khalid Amber. Eff ect of Intravenous Abciximab on Coronary Flow Improvement After Re-vascularization in Primary Coronary Intervention and Short Term Impact. 2020 Aug;74(4):265 –269. DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2020.74.265-269.Ahmed N Rgeeb , Hussein A Alsalkh , Ali Kadhim Radhi , Khalid Amber. Eff ect of Intravenous Abciximab on Coronary Flow Improvement After Re-vascularization in Primary Coronary Intervention and Short Term Impact. 2020 Aug;74(4):265 –269. DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2020.74.265-269.Rgeeb A.N., Alsalkh H.A. et al. Eff ect of Intravenous Abciximab on coronary fl ow improvement after re-vascularization in primary coronary intervention and short term impact. Med. Arch. 2020;74(4):265– 269. DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2020.74.265-269.Rgeeb A.N., Alsalkh H.A. et al. Eff ect of Intravenous Abciximab on coronary fl ow improvement after re-vascularization in primary coronary intervention and short term impact. Med. Arch. 2020;74(4):265– 269. DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2020.74.265-269.Karathanos A., Lin Y., Dannenberg L. et al. Routine glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa inhibitor therapy in st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Can. J. Cardiol. 2019;35(11):1576–1588. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.003.Karathanos A., Lin Y., Dannenberg L. et al. Routine glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa inhibitor therapy in st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Can. J. Cardiol. 2019;35(11):1576–1588. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.003.Dannenberg L., Wolff G., Naguib D.et al. Safety and effi cacy of Tirofi ban in STEMI-patients. Int. J. Cardiol. 2019;274:35–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.052Dannenberg L., Wolff G., Naguib D.et al. Safety and effi cacy of Tirofi ban in STEMI-patients. Int. J. Cardiol. 2019;274:35–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.052Fischer F., Buxy S., Kurz D.J.et al. Effi cacy and safety of abbreviated eptifi batide treatment in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am. J. Cardiol. 2021;15;139:15–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.054Fischer F., Buxy S., Kurz D.J.et al. Effi cacy and safety of abbreviated eptifi batide treatment in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am. J. Cardiol. 2021;15;139:15–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.054Певзнер Д.В., Староверов И.И., Самко А.Н. и др. Применение антагониста гликопротеинов IIb –IIIa монафрама при первичной ангиопластике у больных с острым коронарным синдромом без подъема сегмента ST. Кардиология. 2010;50 (6):22–26.Pevzner D.V., Staroverov I.I., Samko A.M. et. al. Glycoprotein IIb –IIIa antagonist monafram in primary angioplasty of patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. Caridology. 2010;50 (6):22–26. (In Russian).Суковатых Б.С., Середицкий А.В., Мурадян В.Ф., Азаров А.М., Суковатых М.Б., Лапинас А.А. Результаты лечения позднего проксимального тромбоза глубоких вен регионарным катетерным тромболизисом. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2023;(1):61–66. DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202301161Sukovatykh B.S., Sereditsky A.V., Muradyan V.F., Azarov A.M., Sukovatykh M.B., Lapinas A.A. Results of treatment of late proximal deep vein thrombosis by regional catheter thrombolysis. Surgery. Magazine named after N.I. Pirogov. 2023;(1):61–66. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202301161Pu J., Ding S., Ge H. et al. Effi cacy and safety of a pharmaco-invasive strategy with half-dose alteplase versus primary angioplasty in st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: EARLY-MYO Trial (Early routine catheterization after alteplase fi brinolysis versus primary PCI in acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction). Circulation. 2017;136(16):1462–1473. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030582Pu J., Ding S., Ge H. et al. Effi cacy and safety of a pharmaco-invasive strategy with half-dose alteplase versus primary angioplasty in st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: EARLY-MYO Trial (Early routine catheterization after alteplase fi brinolysis versus primary PCI in acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction). Circulation. 2017;136(16):1462–1473. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030582Kocayigit I., Yaylaci S., Osken A., Aydın E. et al. Comparison of effects of thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on in-hospital, six-month, and one-year mortality. Arch. Med. Sci. Atheroscler. Dis. 2019;4:e82–e88. DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.85378. eCollection 2019Kocayigit I., Yaylaci S., Osken A., Aydın E. et al. Comparison of effects of thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on in-hospital, six-month, and one-year mortality. Arch. Med. Sci. Atheroscler. Dis. 2019;4:e82–e88. DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.85378. eCollection 2019Vyshlov E.V., Avetisyan V.Y., Kuzeleva E.A. et al. In-hospital and long-term results of delayed percutaneous coronary intervention after successful thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Adv. Gerontol. 2018;31(1):121–125.Vyshlov E.V., Avetisyan V.Y., Kuzeleva E.A. et al. In-hospital and long-term results of delayed percutaneous coronary intervention after successful thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Adv. Gerontol. 2018;31(1):121–125.Bawaskar H.S., Bawaskar P.H., Bawaskar P.H. Preintensive care: Thrombolytic (streptokinase or tenecteplase) in ST elevated acute myocardial infarction at peripheral hospital.. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2019;8(1):62–71. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_297_18Bawaskar H.S., Bawaskar P.H., Bawaskar P.H. Preintensive care: Thrombolytic (streptokinase or tenecteplase) in ST elevated acute myocardial infarction at peripheral hospital.. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2019;8(1):62–71. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_297_18Soleimani M., Soleimani A., Roohafza H. et al. The comparison of procedural and clinical outcomes of thrombolytic-facilitated and primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): Findings from PROVE/ACS study. ARYA Atheroscler. 2020;16(3):123–129. DOI: 10.22122/arya.v16i3.1869Soleimani M., Soleimani A., Roohafza H. et al. The comparison of procedural and clinical outcomes of thrombolytic-facilitated and primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): Findings from PROVE/ACS study. ARYA Atheroscler. 2020;16(3):123–129. DOI: 10.22122/arya.v16i3.1869Hathi V., Anadkat M. A Comparative study of in-hospital outcome of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with and without diabetes mellitus, after thrombolytic therapy; in government hospital of Rajkot, Gujarat, India. J. Assoc. Physicians India. 2017;65(11):22–25.Hathi V., Anadkat M. A Comparative study of in-hospital outcome of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with and without diabetes mellitus, after thrombolytic therapy; in government hospital of Rajkot, Gujarat, India. J. Assoc. Physicians India. 2017;65(11):22–25.Joy E.R., Kurian J., Gale C.P. Comparative eff ectiveness of primary PCI versus fi brinolytic therapy for ST-еlevation myocardial infarction: a review of the literature. J. Comp. Eff . Res. 2016;5(2):217–26. DOI: 10.2217/cer-2015-0011Joy E.R., Kurian J., Gale C.P. Comparative eff ectiveness of primary PCI versus fi brinolytic therapy for ST-еlevation myocardial infarction: a review of the literature. J. Comp. Eff . Res. 2016;5(2):217–26. DOI: 10.2217/cer-2015-0011Mallidi J.R., Robinson P., Visintainer P.F. et al. Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2017;15;90(6):898–904. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27042Mallidi J.R., Robinson P., Visintainer P.F. et al. Comparison of antithrombotic agents during urgent percutaneous coronary intervention following thrombolytic therapy: A retrospective cohort study. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2017;15;90(6):898–904. DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27042Zia-Behbahani M., Hossein H., Kojuri J. et al. Tenecteplase Versus Reteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Network MetaAnalysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2019;18(3):1622–1631. DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100743Zia-Behbahani M., Hossein H., Kojuri J. et al. Tenecteplase Versus Reteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Network MetaAnalysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2019;18(3):1622–1631. DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100743Armstrong PW, Bogaerts K, Welsh R. et. al. The Second Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction (STREAM-2) study optimizing pharmacoinvasive reperfusion strategy in older STelevation myocardial infarction patients. Am. Heart J. 2020;226:140– 146. DO : 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.029Armstrong PW, Bogaerts K, Welsh R. et. al. The Second Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction (STREAM-2) study optimizing pharmacoinvasive reperfusion strategy in older STelevation myocardial infarction patients. Am. Heart J. 2020;226:140– 146. DO : 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.029

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.