clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-4-297-308clinmed-810Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESКишечная микробиота: новые возможности диагностики и леченияGut microbiome: new diagnostic and treatment optionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-564XМаевИ. В.MayevI. V.

Маев Игорь Вениаминович — д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, первый проректор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии

Igor V. Mayev — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, First Vice-Rector, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8300-8988ЛяминаС. В.LyaminaS. V.

Лямина Светлана Владимировна — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной патологии пищеварениянаучно-исследовательского центра биомедицинских исследований

Svetlana V. Lyamina — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Digestion of the Research Centerfor Biomedical Research

svlvs@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the RussiaRussian Federation2024230720241024297308Copyright © Маев И.В., Лямина С.В., 20242024Маев И.В., Лямина С.В.Mayev I.V., Lyamina S.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/810

Микробиота кишечника вносит неоспоримый вклад в функционирование многочисленных систем организма, включая высшую нервную деятельность и поведенческие реакции, в значительной части предопределяет активность иммунной системы. К настоящему времени накоплен большой объем знаний о значимости состава, разнообразия и функциональных свойств микробиоты кишечника как для поддержания состоянии здоровья человека, так и для формирования целого ряда заболеваний. Изменения в организме человека неизбежно сопровождаются изменениями видового состава, разнообразия микробиоты. Установлены определенные закономерности изменения микробиома кишечника человека в течение жизни, а также изменения его функциональной активности под влиянием внешних факторов, пищевых пристрастий. Обзор, выполненный по результатам поиска в базах данных и электронных библиотеках PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, eLibrary в период с 2012 по 2023 г., посвящен анализу микробиоты кишечника как маркера и предиктора хронических социально значимых неинфекционных заболеваний, а также неотъемлемого компонента достижения здоровья в условиях персонализированного подхода современных терапевтических стратегий.

The gut microbiome is of undeniable contribution to the functioning of numerous human organ systems, including higher nervous activity and behavioral reactions, and largely determines the activity of the immune system. To date, a large amount of knowledge has been accumulated about the importance of the composition, diversity and functional properties of the gut microbiota both for maintaining the human body in a state of health and for the development of pathology. Changes in the human organism are inevitably accompanied by changes in species composition and microbiome diversity. Certain patterns of changes in the human gut microbiome throughout life, as well as changes in its functional activity under the infl uence of external factors and food preferences. This research is based on search results in databases and electronic libraries PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, eLibrary in the period from 2012 to 2023. The review is devoted to the analysis of gut microbiome as a marker and predictor of chronic socially signifi cant non-communicable diseases, as well as an integral component of health gain in the context of a personalized approach of modern therapeutic strategies.  

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.