clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-1-19-26clinmed-729Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESВнеклеточные нейтрофильные ловушки при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях: проблемы и перспективы исследованияExtracellular neutrophil traps in cardiovascular diseases: problems and prospects of researchhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-2444СкирденкоЮ. П.SkirdenkoYu. P.

Скирденко Юлия Петровна  — канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии

Омск

Yulia P. Skirdenko — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology

Omsk

julija-loseva1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-1451ЗорькинаМ. А.ZorkinaM. A.

Зорькина Мария Александровна  — студентка 6-го курса педиатрического факультета

Омск

Maria A. Zorkina — 6th year student of the pediatric faculty 

Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-2222НовиковД. Г.NovikovD.  G.

Новиков Дмитрий Георгиевич  — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры биохимии, заведующий

ЦНИЛ

Омск

Dmitry G. Novikov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Biochemistry

Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-323XЗолотовА. Н.ZolotovA. N.

Золотов Александр Николаевич  — канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры патофизиологии, , старший научный сотрудник

Омск

Alexander N. Zolotov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Pathophysiology, senior researcher at the Central Scientific Research Laboratory

 Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-573XАндреевК. А.AndreevK. A.

Андреев Кирилл Андреевич  — ассистент кафедры госпитальной терапии и эндокринологии, врач-кардиолог

Омск

Kirill A. Andreev — Assistant at the Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, cardiologist

 Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-3210ЗенченкоК. Г.ZinchenkoK.  G.

Зенченко Кристина Геннадьевна  — студентка 6 -го курса лечебного факультета

Омск

Kristina G. Zinchenko — 6th year student of the Faculty of Medicine

Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-4930НиколаевН. А.NikolaevN. A.

Николаев Николай Анатольевич  — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии

Омск

Nikolay A. Nikolaev — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology 

Omsk

ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOmsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation20241204202410211926Copyright © Скирденко Ю.П., Зорькина М.А., Новиков Д.Г., Золотов А.Н., Андреев К.А., Зенченко К.Г., Николаев Н.А., 20242024Скирденко Ю.П., Зорькина М.А., Новиков Д.Г., Золотов А.Н., Андреев К.А., Зенченко К.Г., Николаев Н.А.Skirdenko Y.P., Zorkina M.A., Novikov D.G., Zolotov A.N., Andreev K.A., Zinchenko K.G., Nikolaev N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/729

Одним из звеньев патогенеза заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы является хроническое системное воспаление низкой интенсивности. В 2004 г. был открыт ранее неизвестный процесс — формирование внеклеточных нейтрофильных ловушек (ВНЛ) — нетоз (от англ. NETosis:  neutrophil extracellular traps). ВНЛ играют роль в противомикробном иммунитете, но в определенных случаях становятся фактором развития патологии. В настоящем обзоре представлены данные о воздействии внеклеточных нейтрофильных ловушек на отдельные патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы (атеросклероз, фибрилляция предсердий, тромбоз). Авторы описывают механизмы образования ВНЛ (витальный нетоз, суицидальный нетоз) и их роль в тромбообразовании (роль каркаса для образования тромба, инициация коагуляции), в развитии эндотелиальной дисфункции, электрической неоднородности миокарда предсердий. Приводятся данные, указывающие на связь атеросклероза, тромбоза и фибрилляции предсердий с активностью нетоза. Большинство исследований демонстрируют имеющиеся взаимосвязи на лабораторных моделях, тогда как определение ВНЛ у больных сердечно-сосудистой патологией в реальной клинической практике почти отсутствуют. При этом понимание процессов, связанных с нетозом, может помочь определить специфические маркеры и дальнейшие стратегии терапии ССЗ.

One of the links in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is chronic low-intensity systemic inflammation. In 2004, a previously unknown process was discovered — the formation of extracellular neutrophil traps (NETs) — NETosis (n eutrophil extracellular traps). NETs play a role in antimicrobial immunity though in certain cases they become a factor in the development of pathology. This review presents data on the effect of extracellular neutrophil traps on individual pathologies of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, thrombosis). The authors describe the mechanisms of NET formation (vital NETosis, suicidal NETosis) and their role in thrombus formation (as a framework for thrombus formation, initiation of coagulation), in the development of endothelial dysfunction, and electrical heterogeneity of the atrial myocardium. Data are presented indicating the connection between atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and atrial fibrillation with the activity of NETosis. Most studies demonstrate existing correlations on laboratory models, while the determination of NETs in patients with cardiovascular pathology in real clinical practice is almost absent. At the same time, understanding the processes associated with NETosis can help to identify specific markers and further strategies for the therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

внеклеточные нейтрофильные ловушкисердечно-сосудистые заболеванияфибрилляция предсердийатеросклерозтромбозextracellular neutrophil trapscardiovascular diseasesatrial f brillationatherosclerosisthrombosisРабота подготовлена в рамках гранта Президента РФ для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых — кандидатов и докторов наук (внутренний номер МК-1231.2022.3) (соглашение № 075-15-2022-502 от 4 мая 2022 г.) «Разработка технологии здоровьесбережения на основе выявления и контроля факторов риска фибрилляции предсердий, ассоциированных с состоянием кишечной микробиоты».The work was prepared within the framework of a grant from the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists — candidates and doctors of science (internal number MK-1231.2022.3) (agreement No. 075-15-2022-502 dated May 4, 2022) “Development of health-saving technology based on identifying and controlling risk factors for atrial fi brillation associated with the state of the intestinal microbiota.”ReferencesФедеральная служба государственной статистики. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.