clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2023-101-12-651-656clinmed-700Research ArticleВ ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУGUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERSАктуальные вопросы патогенеза и профилактики преэклампсииCurrent aspects of the pathogenesis and prevention of preeclampsiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5724-5381ШкуренкоЮ. В.ShkurenkoYu. V.

Шкуренко Юлия Викторовна — врач — акушер-гинеколог, ассистент кафедры сестринского дела

119991, Москва

Yuliya V. Shkurenko — obstetrician-gynecologist, Assistant of the Department of Nursing

119991, Moscow

shkurenko_yu_v@staff.sechenov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8388-4408ИбатовА. Д.IbatovA. D.

Ибатов Алексей Данилович — д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой сестринского дела

119991, Москва

Alexey D. Ibatov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Nursing

119991, Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-9090ТрофимоваС. Ю.TrofimovaS. Yu.

Трофимова Светлана Юрьевна — студентка 6-го курса клинического института здоровья детей

119991, Москва

Svetlana Yu. Trofimova — 6th year student at the Clinical Institute of Children's Healthcare

119991, Moscow

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia (Sechenov University)Russian Federation20232202202410112651656Copyright © Шкуренко Ю.В., Ибатов А.Д., Трофимова С.Ю., 20242024Шкуренко Ю.В., Ибатов А.Д., Трофимова С.Ю.Shkurenko Y.V., Ibatov A.D., Trofimova S.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/700

Одним из наиболее грозных осложнений беременности, ассоциированных с артериальной гипертензией, является преэклампсия. Для эффективной профилактики заболевания необходимо четкое понимание механизмов ее развития. В статье представлен анализ современных моделей, отражающих причины и механизмы развития преэклампсии, а также обоснование доказательных стратегий профилактики этой патологии, наиболее зарекомендовавших себя в настоящее время. В основе патогенеза преэклампсии лежит генерализованная эндотелиальная дисфункция матери, обусловленная плацентарными факторами, генетической предрасположенностью и недостаточной сосудистой инвазией в клетки трофобласта, вследствие чего развиваются оксидативный стресс и воспалительный процесс, приводящие к осложнениям со стороны матери и плода. Более точное понимание механизмов заболевания позволяет эффективно корректировать неблагоприятные факторы образа жизни и выделять пациентов группы риска развития преэклампсии, которым необходимо назначать профилактику. Достоверно эффективным и общепринятым терапевтическим средством на данным момент является ацетилсалициловая кислота, назначаемая в качестве профилактики с 11–14-й недели в оптимальной дозировке от 75 до 162 мг.

One of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia. For effective prevention of preeclampsia, it is necessary to understand its mechanisms of development clearly. The analysis of modern patterns of preeclampsia cause and development are reviewed in this article. There are also the evidences of more effective strategies of prevention preeclampsia in our review, which have proven themselves most of all. The generalized endothelial mother’s disfunction is in the base of preeclampsia pathogenesis and caused by placental factors, genetical susceptibility and the lack of arterial invasion in trophoblast’s cell hereupon it increases the oxidative stress and inflammatory process, leading to complications of mother and fetus. More accurate understanding of preeclampsia mechanisms allows us to correct the adverse of lifestyle of patients and highlight those who are in the group of PE risk and need the prophylaxis to be prescribed. Nowadays, acetylsalicylic acid is a commonly accepted therapeutic medication and reliably effective (optimal dose from 75 to 162 mg). It is prescribed as the prevention from 11th to 14th week.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.