clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2023-101-9-10-474-482clinmed-633Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESРоль повреждения и репарации ДНК при хронических заболеваниях глазRole of DNA damage and repair in chronic eye diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-1382ГайсинаГ. О.GaisinaG. O.

Гайсина Гульназ Олеговна – канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии

450008, Уфа

450008, Ufa

medicalscience@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-0353-1111ЛучниковаЮ. А.LuchnikovaYu. A.

Лучникова Юлия Алексеевна — канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры медицинской биологии и генетики

344022, Ростов-на-Дону

344022, Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8765-2154ХрущеваА. В.KhrushchevaA. V.

Хрущева Анастасия Валерьевна — ассистент кафедры медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины Института дополнительного профессионального образования

450008, Уфа

450008, Ufa

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0712-9944РуфуллаеваЛ. Х.RufullayevaL. H.

Руфуллаева Лейла Хабилевна — ординатор

344022, Ростов-на-Дону

344022, Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8445-7679ТагироваР. Р.  TagirovaR. R.

Тагирова Разида Ринатовна — аспирант кафедры медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины Института дополнительного профессионального образования

450008, Уфа

450008, Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-208XМамедлиС. Э.MamedliS. E.

Мамедли Сона Этибаркызы — ординатор

117997, Москва

117997, Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9401-0183ЛяшокМ. Ю.LyashokM. Yu.

Ляшок Марина Юрьевна — аспирант кафедры медицинской биологии и генетики

344022, Ростов-на-Дону

344022, Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1236-1460СмородоваС. Ю.SmorodovaS. Yu.

Смородова Светлана Юрьевна — ординатор кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики

603005, Нижний Новгород

603005, Nizhny Novgorod

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6308-922XБорискинаП. А.BoriskinaP. A.

Борискина Полина Алексеевна — ординатор кафедры офтальмологии медицинского института

300012, Тула

Tula

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7238-2776ВатулинД. А.VatulinD. A.

Ватулин Дмитрий Алексеевич — ординатор кафедры офтальмологии

344022, Ростов-на-Дону

344022, Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9470-1829ЛазаренкоА. С.LazarenkoA. S.

Лазаренко Анастасия Сергеевна — студентка 6-го курса

344022, Ростов-на-Дону

344022, Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-3614МагафуроваВ. А.MagafurovaV. A.

Магафурова Виолетта Алмазовна  — студентка 5-го курса

450008, Уфа

450008, Ufa

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3718-832XКосинскаяН. Е.KosinskayaN. E.

Косинская Наталия Евгеньевна — аспирант кафедры офтальмологии

344022, Ростов-на-Дону

344022, Rostov-on-Don

ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияBashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University) of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPrivolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Тульский государственный университет»РоссияTula State UniversityRussian Federation2023131120231019-10474482Copyright © Гайсина Г.О., Лучникова Ю.А., Хрущева А.В., Руфуллаева Л.Х., Тагирова Р.Р., Мамедли С.Э., Ляшок М.Ю., Смородова С.Ю., Борискина П.А., Ватулин Д.А., Лазаренко А.С., Магафурова В.А., Косинская Н.Е., 20232023Гайсина Г.О., Лучникова Ю.А., Хрущева А.В., Руфуллаева Л.Х., Тагирова Р.Р., Мамедли С.Э., Ляшок М.Ю., Смородова С.Ю., Борискина П.А., Ватулин Д.А., Лазаренко А.С., Магафурова В.А., Косинская Н.Е.Gaisina G.O., Luchnikova Y.A., Khrushcheva A.V., Rufullayeva L.H., Tagirova R.R., Mamedli S.E., Lyashok M.Y., Smorodova S.Y., Boriskina P.A., Vatulin D.A., Lazarenko A.S., Magafurova V.A., Kosinskaya N.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/633

Зрение жизненно важно для повседневной деятельности, и все же наиболее распространенные глазные заболевания — катаракта, диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР), возрастная макулярная дегенерация (ВМД) и глаукома — с возрастом приводят к потере зрения. Хирургическое лечение катаракты является одной из наиболее часто выполняемых операций и результат, как правило, превосходный при отсутствии сопутствующей патологии органа зрения. Однако у пациентов с ДР, ВМД и глаукомой часто развиваются значительные нарушения зрения. В патогенезе этих многофакторных заболеваний часто присутствуют генетические и наследственные компоненты, при этом последние данные подтверждают роль повреждения и репарации ДНК как важных патогенных факторов. В настоящем обзоре мы подробно описываем основные механизмы повреждения и репарации ДНК, включая эксцизионную репарацию оснований, нуклеотидную эксцизионную репарацию, репарацию двухнитевых разрывов ДНК, а также обсуждаем их роль в развитии ДР, ВМД и глаукомы.

Vision is essential for everyday activities, yet the most common eye diseases — cataracts, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma — lead to vision loss with age. Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed operations and results are usually excellent in the absence of accompanying eye pathology. However, patients with DR, AMD, and glaucoma often develop significant visual impairments. The pathogenesis of these multifactorial diseases often involves genetic and hereditary components, with recent data confirming the role of DNA damage and repair as important pathogenic factors. In this review, we describe in detail the main mechanisms of DNA damage and repair, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair, and discuss their role in the development of DR, AMD, and glaucoma.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.