Russian medical science has made a significant contribution to solving complicated and important problems that faced with medical service of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The forms of organizing the scientific activities of scientists in the interests of the front were different. First of all, the following should be noted. This is the unification of the efforts of medical scientists of the country in the work of the Academic Medical Councils under the Chief of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army and the Chief of the Medical-Sanitary Directorate of the Navy, as well as the Scientific Medical and Hospital Councils of the USSR People’s Commissariat of Health. The plenary meetings of these authoritative scientific bodies dealt with the most important problems of medical evacuation, sanitary and hygienic and antiepidemic support, discussed new methods for treating the wounded, the results of the medical service’s activities during this or that period of the war, its new tasks, etc. Focusing on the leading scientists Representatives of all major healthcare sectors, the councils had been contributing to the development, testing and implementation of the latest achievements in medical science in practice.