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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-3-165-177</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лекарственные пептидные препараты: прошлое, настоящее, будущее</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peptide medicines: past, present, future</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хавинсон</surname><given-names>В. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khavinson</surname><given-names>V. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Хацкелевич Хавинсон — д-р мед. наук, проф., член-корр. РАН, директор</p><p>197110, Санкт-Петербург</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Kh. Khavinson — MD, PhD, DSc, Corresponding Member, Director </p><p>197110, St. Petersburg</p><p>199034, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">secretary@gerontology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АННО ВО НИЦ «Санкт-Петербургский институт биорегуляции и геронтологии»; ФГБУН «Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology; Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хавинсон В.Х., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хавинсон В.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khavinson V.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/29">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/29</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены данные о зарубежных препаратах, созданных на основе полипептидов, выделенных из различных органов животных. Эти препараты положили начало разработке лекарств пептидной природы. Также описана группа препаратов (комплексы пептидов), которые обладают тканеспецифическим действием. Препараты созданы в Военно-медицинской академии им. С.М. Кирова (Тималин, Эпиталамин, Кортексин, Простатилен, Ретиналамин) под руководством В.Х. Хавинсона в 80–90-х годах XX века. В настоящее время большое внимание уделяется выделению из комплексных препаратов индивидуальных коротких ди-, три-, тетрапептидов, установлению их первичной структуры и последующему синтезу из аминокислот (Тимоген, Вилон, Пинеалон, Везуген, Эпиталон, Бронхоген, Кардиоген и др.). Представлены результаты исследований на современном методическом уровне влияния пептидов на различные функции организма, экспрессию генов и синтез белков. Показан молекулярный механизм взаимодействия пептидов со специфическими сайтами ДНК. Установлено, что короткие пептиды регулируют экспрессию генов, синтез белков, состояние хроматина и способствуют элонгации теломер. Пептиды регулируют направленную дифференцировку стволовых клеток и замедляют репликативное старение. Введение этих пептидов животным нормализует уровень мелатонина, снижает частоту развития опухолей и увеличивает среднюю продолжительность жизни. Учитывая вышеизложенное, следует сделать вывод о большой перспективе дальнейшего изучения и создания новых лекарственных препаратов на основе коротких пептидов, прицельно регулирующих группы генов и синтез белков, что является фундаментом развития фармакогеномики, как основы терапии в будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review provides research data on drugs made on the basis of polypeptides isolated from different animal organs. They initiated the development of drugs of a peptide origin. Besides, a group of pharmaceuticals (peptide complexes), created at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (Thymalin, Epithalamin, Cortexin, Prostatilen, Retinalamin) under the supervision of V.Kh. Khavinson in the 80–90-ies of the 20th century has been described. At present, pharmacologists focus on isolation of short di-, tri-, tetrapeptides, identification of their primary structures and subsequent synthesis from amino acids (Thymogen, Vilon, Pinealon, Vesugen, Epitalon, Bronchogen, Cardiogen, etc.). The results of cutting edge investigations of peptide influence on various functions of an organism, gene expression and protein synthesis have been presented. A molecular mechanism of a peptide-DNA interaction has been depicted. Short peptides have been revealed to regulate gene expression, protein synthesis, chromatin state and promote telomeres elongation. Peptides regulate targeted differentiation of pluripotent cells and decrease their replicative ageing. Animals administered with peptides showed a decreased tumor incidence, normalized melatonin level and an increased average life span. To summarize the above, it is worth noting further prospects of studies aimed at creation of novel drugs on the basis of short peptides with targeted regulation of certain gene groups and protein synthesis which underlies the development of pharmacogenomics as fundamentals for future therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лекарственные препараты</kwd><kwd>геропротекторы</kwd><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>ресурс организма</kwd><kwd>фармакогеномика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drugs</kwd><kwd>geroprotectors</kwd><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>organism resource</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenomics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galdiero S., Gomes P.A.C. 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