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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-3-198-202</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологическое обоснование патогенеза закрытоугольной глаукомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological justifi cation of the pathogenesis of angleclosure glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакунина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakunina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакунина Наталья Александровна - канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>117997, Москва</p><p>119049, Москва</p><p>119034, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Bakunina - MD, PhD, ophthalmologist</p><p>117997, Moscow</p><p>119049, Moscow</p><p>119034, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata-oko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией фундаментальных исследований в офтальмологии</p><p>119021, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119021, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р мед. наук, директор</p><p>119034, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>119034, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салмаси</surname><given-names>Ж. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salmasi</surname><given-names>Zh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедры патофизиологии</p><p>117997, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117997, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России»; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №1 им. Н.И. Пирогова Департамента Здравоохранения г. Москвы»; Некоммерческое партнерство «Международный научно-практический центр пролиферации тканей»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital №1 of the Department of Health of Moscow; International Scientifi c and Practical Center for Tissue Proliferation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Некоммерческое партнерство «Международный научно-практический центр пролиферации тканей»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International Scientifi c and Practical Center for Tissue Proliferation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бакунина Н.А., Федоров А.А., Балашова Л.М., Салмаси Ж.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бакунина Н.А., Федоров А.А., Балашова Л.М., Салмаси Ж.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakunina N.A., Fedorov A.A., Balashova L.M., Salmasi Z.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/214">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/214</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. На основании экспериментально-морфологического исследования доказать роль взаимосвязанных аутоиммунных, гемостатических и воспалительных механизмов в патогенезе закрытоугольной глаукомы. Материал и методы. Работа выполнена на 3 энуклеированных глазах пациентов с терминальной «ползучей» закрытоугольной глаукомой (ЗУГ) и 2 глазах с терминальной ЗУГ во время некупируемого острого приступа. Сагиттальные срезы через область нахождения шлеммова канала, а также серийные поперечные срезы исследовали методом парафиновых срезов, окрашенных гематоксилин-эозином. Для оценки степени воспалительной реакции в тканях глаза вычисляли плотность воспалительных клеток в пределах стандартной сетки окуляр-микрометра при увеличении × 20.Результаты. Образование периферических передних синехий между периферией радужки и трабекулярной сетью в иридокорнеальном углу является основным этиологическим фактором при хроническом закрытии угла. Образованию передних синехий способствует несколько механизмов. В первую очередь, по нашему мнению, это аутоиммунное воспаление. Отек и гиперемия цилиарных отростков оттесняет кпереди радужку, повреждаются коллагеновые волокна трабекулярной сети, происходит деэндотелизация трабекулярной пластинки, вследствие чего сужается и закрывается угол передней камеры, повышается сопротивление оттоку внутриглазной жидкости. Ишемия вследствие повышения внутриглазного давления (ВГД) вызывает в радужке образование неососудов, в которых наблюдается агрегаты форменных элементов крови. Стенки новообразованных сосудов неполноценны, что способствует кровоизлияниям. Таким образом, кроме аутоиммунного воспаления при ЗУГ мы наблюдаем признаки синдрома эндотелиальной дисфункции, взаимосвязанного с воспалительными процессами.Выводы. 1. В основе патогенеза хронической закрытоугольной глаукомы лежат аутоиммунные процессы, доказательством чего является лимфоплазмоцитарная воспалительная инфильтрация с примесью пигментсодержащих макрофагов и фибробластов в месте сращения радужки с роговицей. 2. Доказательством нарушения гемостаза при закрытоугольной глаукоме является обнаружение внутрисосудистых агрегатов. 3. Пристеночное тромбообразование в неососудах радужки, фибрин в тканях — доказательства хронической эндотелиальной дисфункции при ЗУГ. 4. Окружение капилляров цилиарных отростков кольцом фибрина свидетельствует об остром вазомоторном расстройстве и выходе плазмы, содержащей фибриноген, в окружающую ткань. Это является косвенным свидетельством эмоциональной и вазомоторной неустойчивости у больных этой формой глаукомы. 5. Нарушения в системах иммунитета и гемостаза являются процессами взаимосвязанными. 6. Повышенная жесткость радужки является биомаркером ЗУГ и может послужить дальнейшей мишенью для терапевтического воздействия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To prove the role of interrelated autoimmune, hemostatic and infl ammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of angleclosure glaucoma on the basis of experimental morphological research. Material and methods. The work was performed on 3 denucleated eyes of patients with terminal “creeping” angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and 2 eyes with terminal ACG during an intractable acute exacerbation. Sagittal sections through the area of Schlemm’s canal, as well as serial cross sections, were examined by the method of paraffi n sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). To assess the degree of the infl ammatory response in the eye tissues, the density of infl ammatory cells was calculated within the standard eyepiece micrometer grid at a magnifi cation of × 20.Results. The formation of peripheral anterior synechiae between the periphery of the iris and the trabecular meshwork in the iridocorneal angle is the main etiological factor in chronic angle closure. Several mechanisms contribute to the formation of anterior synechiae. First of all, in our opinion, it is autoimmune infl ammation. Edema and hyperemia of the ciliary processes pushes the iris anteriad, collagen fi bers of the trabecular meshwork are damaged; delayed endothelialization of the trabecular plate occurs, and the angle of the anterior chamber narrows and closes as a result. The resistance to the outfl ow of intraocular fl uid increases. Ischemia, due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), causes the formation of new vessels in the iris, where aggregates of blood cells are observed. The walls of the newly formed vessels are defective, which contributes to hemorrhages. Thus, in addition to autoimmune infl ammation, we observe signs of endothelial dysfunction syndrome associated with infl ammatory processes with ACG.Conclusions. 1. The pathogenesis of chronic angleclosure glaucoma is based on autoimmune processes, as proved by lymphocytoplasmocytic infl ammatory infi ltration with an addition of pigment-containing macrophages and fi broblasts at the junction of the iris with the cornea. 2. The detection of intravascular aggregates is a proof of impaired hemostasis in angle-closure glaucoma. 3. Parietal thrombus formation in the newly formed vessels of the iris, fi brin in the tissues are evidence of chronic endothelial dysfunction in ACG. 4. The capillaries of the ciliary processes surrounded by a fi brin ring indicate an acute vasomotor disorder and the release of plasma containing fi brinogen into the surrounding tissue. This is indirect evidence of emotional and vasomotor instability in patients with this form of glaucoma. 5. Disturbances in the systems of immunity and hemostasis are interrelated processes. 6. Increased iris stiff ness is ACG biomarker and may serve as a further target for therapeutic intervention.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая закрытоугольная глаукома</kwd><kwd>аутоиммуный процесс</kwd><kwd>лимфоплазмоцитарная воспалительная инфильтрация</kwd><kwd>нарушение гемостаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic angle-closure glaucoma</kwd><kwd>autoimmune process</kwd><kwd>lymphоplasmаcytic infl ammatory infi ltration</kwd><kwd>hemostasis disorder</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amor S., Puentes F., Baker D., van der Valk P. Infl ammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology. 2010;129(2):154–69. 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