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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2026-104-3-204-212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-1423</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиота кишечника и уробиота при циррозе печени с инфекцией мочевыводящих путей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gut microbiota and urobiota in liver cirrhosis with urinary tract infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malaeva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малаева Екатерина Геннадьевна — канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней №1 с курсами эндокринологии и гематологии </p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Malaeva — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases No. 1 with the courses of Endocrinology and Hematology</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr-malaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стома</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoma</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стома Игорь Олегович — д-р мед. наук, профессор, ректор </p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor O. Stoma — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Рrofessor, Rector </p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-6109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воропаев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voropaev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воропаев Евгений Викторович — канд. мед. наук, доцент, проректор по научной работе </p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Voropaev — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Vice-rector for Scientific Work </p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипкина Ольга Викторовна — заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией </p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Osipkina — Head of the Scientific Research Laboratory </p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-487X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Алексей Алексеевич — старший преподаватель кафедры медицинской и биологической физики </p><p>Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Kovalev — Senior Lecturer, Department of Medical and Biological Physics</p><p>Gomel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., Воропаев Е.В., Осипкина О.В., Ковалев А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., Воропаев Е.В., Осипкина О.В., Ковалев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malaeva E.G., Stoma I.O., Voropaev E.V., Osipkina O.V., Kovalev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1423">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1423</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить различия и общность микробиоты кишечника и уробиоты при циррозе печени (ЦП) в зависимости от наличия инфекций мочевыводящих путей (ИМВП).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено проспективное когортное исследование 125 пациентов с ЦП, из которых 41 — без ИМВП, 22 — с бессимптомной бактериурией (ББУ), 62 — с ИМВП.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При ЦП без ИМВП, с ББУ и с ИМВП различается бета-разнообразие микробиоты кишечника и уробиоты (р = 0,002 и р = 0,001). В микробиоте кишечника при ЦП без ИМВП — с ББУ — с ИМВП происходит увеличение насыщенности таксонов Pseudomonadota (1,25 [0,49; 3,15]% — 5,76 [1,34; 10,29]% — 6,40 [1,78; 31,23]%, р = 0,0003), Gammaproteobacteria (0,57 [0,05; 2,59]% — 4,06 [0,63; 7,16]% — 4,47 [0,9; 29,82]%, р = 0,0004), Bacilli (2,52 [1,28; 7,96]% — 6,75 [2,51; 15,91]% — 13,86 [3,5; 26,52]%, р = 0,006) и снижение плотности Bacteroidota (42,94 [31,77; 67,78]% без ИМВП, 25,38 [0,95; 44,58]% с ИМВП, р = 0,003). Уробиота при ЦП без ИМВП — с ББУ — с ИМВП характеризуются увеличением насыщенности таксонов Pseudomonadota (68,48 [38,7; 90,69]% — 71,57 [20,3; 88,4]% — 80,51 [8,85; 93,07]%, р = 0,029), Gammaproteobacteria (33,59 [26,5; 48,95]% — 38,95 [14,08; 78,94]% — 52,8 [5,25; 86,88]%, р = 0,004), снижением плотности Actinomycetota (2,89 [1,24; 5,59]% — 1,63 [0,22; 4,08]% — 0,5 [0,08; 3,8]%, р = 0,03), Clostridia (0,94 [0,07; 2,36]% — 0,4 [0,06; 5,98]% — 0,24 [0,03; 0,93]%, р = 0,011). Общность уробиоты и микробиоты кишечника при ЦП с ИМВП составляет от 96% на уровне отдела до 61,5% — на уровне вида.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с ЦП с ИМВП происходит изменение бета-разнообразия микробиоты кишечника и уробиоты, увеличивается их насыщенность патогенными таксонами (Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli) и снижается насыщенность комменсальными таксонами (Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, Clostridia) по сравнению с группой без ИМВП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to examine the diﬀerences and commonality of the gut microbiota and urobiota in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), depending on the presence of urinary tract infections (UTI).</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 125 patients with LC, including 41 — without UTI, 22 — with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), and 62 — with UTI.</p><p>The results and their discussion. The beta diversity of the gut microbiota and urobiota diﬀers in LC without UTI, with ABU, and with UTI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001). In the gut microbiota in LC without UTI — with ABU — with UTI, there is an increase in the abundance of Pseudomonadota taxa (1.25 [0.49; 3.15]% — 5.76 [1.34; 10.29]% — 6.40 [1.78; 31.23]%, p = 0.0003), Gammaproteobacteria (0.57 [0.05; 2.59]% — 4.06 [0.63; 7.16]% — 4.47 [0.9; 29.82]%, p = 0.0004), Bacilli (2.52 [1.28; 7.96]% — 6.75 [2.51; 15.91]% — 13.86 [3.5; 26.52]%, p = 0.006) and decreased Bacteroidota density (42.94 [31.77; 67.78]% without UTI, 25.38 [0.95; 44.58]% with UTI, p = 0.003). Urobiota in LC without UTI — with ABU — with UTI are characterized by an increase in Pseudomonadota taxa (68.48 [38.7; 90.69]% — 71,57 [20,3; 88,4]% — 80.51 [8.85; 93.07]%, p = 0.029), Gammaproteobacteria (33.59 [26.5; 48.95]% — 38.95 [14.08; 78.94]% — 52.8 [5.25; 86.88]%, p = 0.004) and a decrease in Actinomycetota (2.89 [1.24; 5.59]% — 1.63 [0.22; 4.08]% — 0.5 [0.08; 3.8]%, р = 0.03), Clostridia (0.94 [0.07; 2.36]% — 0.4 [0.06; 5.98]% — 0.24 [0.03; 0.93]%, p = 0.011). The commonality between the urobiota and the gut microbiota in patients with LC with UTI ranges from 96% at the department level to 61.5% at the species level.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with LC with UTI, there is a change in the beta diversity of the gut microbiota and urobiota, an increase in the abundance of pathogenic taxa (Pseudomonadota, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli), and a decrease in the abundance of commensal taxa (Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, Clostridia) compared to the group without UTI.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>уробиота</kwd><kwd>инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>urobiota</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта «Изучить особенности микробиоты различных биотопов организма человека в норме и при патологических состояниях, оценить ее значение в развитии связанных с ними заболеваний» государственной программы научных исследований «Трансляционная медицина», подпрограмма 4.2 «Фундаментальные аспекты медицинской науки» (№ госрегистрации 20220463 от 07.04.2022)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J., Thanert R., Reske K.A., Nickel K.B., Olsen M.A., Hink T. et al. 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