<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2026-104-3-168-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-1419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Телемедицина — история становления и современное состояние</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Telemedicine — the history of development and current state</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Игорь Сергеевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor S. Zakharov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9947-6502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаренко Алина Андреевна — врач-акушер-гинеколог, клиника акушерства и гинекологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina A. Nazarenko — obstetrician-gynecologist at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безменко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezmenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Безменко Александр Александрович — канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Bezmenko — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0827-393X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаршова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharshova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаршова Ольга Анатольевна — канд. мед. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Sharshova — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior lecturer at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров И.С., Назаренко А.А., Безменко А.А., Шаршова О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров И.С., Назаренко А.А., Безменко А.А., Шаршова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov I.S., Nazarenko A.A., Bezmenko A.A., Sharshova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1419">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1419</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2025 г. исполнилось 120 лет с момента проведения первой успешной полноценной телемедицинской коммуникации. В представленной статье описаны основные этапы развития телемедицины. Первые попытки осуществления дистанционной медицинской помощи неразрывно связаны с изобретением телеграфа. На протяжении всего XX столетия и первой четверти XXI в. происходило поступательное развитие телемедицинских технологий. Авторами проанализирована общая хронологическая динамика распределения научных публикаций, посвященных телемедицине. Значимый подъем публикационной активности пришелся на период пандемии COVID-19, который стал важным этапом в развитии и трансформации данной сферы медицинской помощи. Путем кластерного анализа выполнена классификация направлений, в которых активно используется телемедицина. Определены перспективные направления, одним из которых является сочетание телемедицины с искусственным интеллектом. Активное развитие телемедицинской помощи меняет подходы к оказанию медицинской помощи и формирует новое понимание взаимоотношений «врач–пациент», «врач–врач», а также «пациент–пациент».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2025, it will be 120 years since the first successful full-fledged telemedicine communication. This article describes the main stages of telemedicine development. The first attempts to provide remote medical care are inextricably linked with the invention of the telegraph. Throughout the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century, telemedicine technologies have been progressively developing. The authors analyzed the general chronological dynamics of the distribution of scientific publications on telemedicine — a significant increase in publication activity occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, which became an important stage in the development and transformation of this area of medical services. Using cluster analysis, a classification of areas in which telemedicine is actively used was carried out. Promising areas were identified, one of which is the combination of telemedicine with artificial intelligence. The active development of telemedicine is changing approaches to medical care and forming a new understanding of the relationship «doctor–patient», «doctor–doctor» and «patient–patient».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>телемедицина</kwd><kwd>телемедицинские технологии</kwd><kwd>телемедицинские коммуникации</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>telemedicine</kwd><kwd>telemedicine technologies</kwd><kwd>telemedicine communications</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владзимирский А.В. История телемедицины — первые 150 лет. Журнал международного общества телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения — Россия. 2015;1:10–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladzymyrsky A.V. The fi rst 150 years of a telemedicine history. Journal of the International Society of Telemedicine and Electronic Health — Russia. 2015;1:10–16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Upham J.B. Some Account of the Recent Experiments in Connection with the Case of M. Groux (Reported to the Boston Society for Medical Improvement, and, by Request, Communicated for the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal). Boston Med. Surg. J. 1859;60(1):9– 16. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM185902030600101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Upham J.B. Some Account of the Recent Experiments in Connection with the Case of M. Groux (Reported to the Boston Society for Medical Improvement, and, by Request, Communicated for the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal). Boston Med. Surg. J. 1859;60(1):9– 16. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM185902030600101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alison S.S. The Physical examination of the chest in pulmonary consumption and its intercurrent diseases. London, John Churchill. 1861:512. Доступно по: https://archive.org/details/b20390154/ (дата обращения: 30.03.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alison S.S. The Physical examination of the chest in pulmonary consumption and its intercurrent diseases. London, John Churchill. 1861:512. Available at: https://archive.org/details/b20390154/ (Аccessed on: 30.03.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Standage T. The Victorian Internet: the remarkable story of the telegraph and the nineteenth century’s online pioneers. Originally published: London: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson. 1998:224. Доступно по: https://archive.org/details/victorianinterne0000stan/ (дата обращения: 30.03.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Standage T. The Victorian Internet: the remarkable story of the telegraph and the nineteenth century’s online pioneers. Originally published: London: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson. 1998:224. Available at: https://archive.org/details/victorianinterne0000stan/ (Аccessed on: 30.03.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aronson S.H. The Lancet on the telephone 1876–1975. Med. Hist. 1977;21(1):69–87. DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300037182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aronson S.H. The Lancet on the telephone 1876–1975. Med. Hist. 1977;21(1):69–87. DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300037182</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barold S.S. Willem Einthoven and the birth of clinical electrocardiography a hundred years ago. Card. Electrophysiol. Rev. 2003;7(1):99–104. DOI: 10.1023/a:1023667812925</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barold S.S. Willem Einthoven and the birth of clinical electrocardiography a hundred years ago. Card. Electrophysiol. Rev. 2003;7(1):99–104. DOI: 10.1023/a:1023667812925</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhimaraj A. Remote monitoring of heart failure patients. Methodist. Debakey Cardiovasc. J. 2013;9(1):26–31. DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-9-1-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhimaraj A. Remote monitoring of heart failure patients. Methodist. Debakey Cardiovasc. J. 2013;9(1):26–31. DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-9-1-26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daley E.A. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Vic. Hist. Mag. 1970;41(3–4):375–395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daley E.A. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Vic. Hist. Mag. 1970;41(3–4):375–395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKay F. Traeger, the pedal radio man: He gave a voice to the bush and to fl ying doctors. Boolarong Press. 1995:108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McKay F. Traeger, the pedal radio man: He gave a voice to the bush and to fl ying doctors. Boolarong Press. 1995:108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rozycki S.W., Marvin K.M., Landers J.T., Davis K.L., Ambrosio A.A. Telemedicine Proof of Concept and Cost Savings During Underway Naval Operations. Telemed. J. E. Health. 2021;27(5):503– 507. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0181</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozycki S.W., Marvin K.M., Landers J.T., Davis K.L., Ambrosio A.A. Telemedicine Proof of Concept and Cost Savings During Underway Naval Operations. Telemed. J. E. Health. 2021;27(5):503– 507. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0181</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балашов Е.В., Марчик В.В., Козовой М.Я. 32-му Центральному военно-морскому клиническому госпиталю — 35 лет. Военно-медицинский журнал. 2018;339(5):71–79. [</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balashov E.V., Marchik V.V., Kozovoy M.Ya. The 32nd Central Naval Clinical Hospital is 35 years old. Military Medical Journal. 2018;339(5):71–79. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mark R.G. Telemedicine system: the missing link between homes and hospitals? Mod. Nurs Home. 1974;32(2):39–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mark R.G. Telemedicine system: the missing link between homes and hospitals? Mod. Nurs Home. 1974;32(2):39–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zvorykin V.K., Flory L.E. Television in science and industry. New York. 1958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zvorykin V.K., Flory L.E. Television in science and industry. New York. 1958.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владзимирский А.В. Телемедицина: Curatio Sine Tempora et Distantia. М., 2016:663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladzymyrsky A.V. Telemedicine: Curatio Sine Tempora et Distantia. М., 2016:663 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владзимирский А.В. «Медицинское телевидение»: исторический этап научно-технического развития применения телекоммуникаций в медицине (1930–1960 гг.). История и современное мировоззрение. 2022;4(3):115–122. DOI: 10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-3-115-122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladzymyrsky A.V. «Medical Television»: Historical Stage of Scientifi c and Technical Development of the Telecommunications in Medicine (1930–1960). History and modern perspectives. 2022;4(3):115–122. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-3-115-122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караванов А.Г., Ревис В.А. Применение промышленной телевизионной установки (ПТУ-3) для телепередач из операционной. Хирургия. 1961;37(1);128–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karavanov A.G., Revis V.A. Use of industrial television installation (PTU-3) for television broadcasts from the operating room. Surgery. 1961;37(1);128–130 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerlin B.D. Dissemination of COSTAR. Journal of Medical Systems. 1986;10(3):265–269. DOI: 10.1007/bf00992821</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerlin B.D. Dissemination of COSTAR. Journal of Medical Systems. 1986;10(3):265–269. DOI: 10.1007/bf00992821</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haux R. IMIA: the global informatics perspective for good health. Yearb. Med. Inform. 2010:1–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haux R. IMIA: the global informatics perspective for good health. Yearb. Med. Inform. 2010:1–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemmons P. The IBM personal computer: fi rst impressions. 1981;6(10):28–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemmons P. The IBM personal computer: fi rst impressions. 1981;6(10):28–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nestor M.L. Telemedicine and the Internet. A collaboration and history of communication technologies. Dermatol Clin. 2001;19(2):379– 385. DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70275-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nestor M.L. Telemedicine and the Internet. A collaboration and history of communication technologies. Dermatol Clin. 2001;19(2):379– 385. DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70275-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медведева Е.И., Александрова О.А., Крошилин С.В. Телемедицина в современных условиях: отношение социума и вектор развития. Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. 2022;15(3):200–222. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2022.3.81.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medvedeva E.I., Aleksandrova O.A., Kroshilin S.V. Telemedicine in modern conditions: The attitude of society and the vector of development. Economic And Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2022;15(3):200–222. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15838/esc.2022.3.81.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellini V., Valente M., Gaddi A.V., Pelosi P., Bignami E. Artifi cial intelligence and telemedicine in anesthesia: potential and problems. Minerva Anestesiol. 2022;88(9):729–734. DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.21.16241-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellini V., Valente M., Gaddi A.V., Pelosi P., Bignami E. Artifi cial intelligence and telemedicine in anesthesia: potential and problems. Minerva Anestesiol. 2022;88(9):729–734. DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.21.16241-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christopher M., Hallaj S., Jiravarnsirikul A., Baxter S.L., Zangwill L.M. Novel Technologies in Artifi cial Intelligence and Telemedicine for Glaucoma Screening. J. Glaucoma. 2024;33(1):S26–S32. DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002367</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christopher M., Hallaj S., Jiravarnsirikul A., Baxter S.L., Zangwill L.M. Novel Technologies in Artifi cial Intelligence and Telemedicine for Glaucoma Screening. J. Glaucoma. 2024;33(1):S26–S32. DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002367</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
