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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2026-104-2-160-164</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-1393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Становление колопроктологии: исторический очерк в лицах и событиях (от истоков до современности)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The formation of coloproctology: a historical outline of persons and events (from origins to the present)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-177X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргошия</surname><given-names>Т. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgoshiia</surname><given-names>T. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моргошия Темури Шакроевич — канд. мед. наук, врач хирург-онколог, доцент кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makhammad K. Goziev — Student, Student Scientific Cooperation, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">temom1972@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-4856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апчел</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apchel</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Апчел Василий Яковлевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии и физиологии человека и животных РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена, ФГБВОУ ВО «ВМедА им. С.М. Кирова». Scopus Author ID: 6507529350.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily Ya. Apchel — MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Human and Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Herzen State Pedagogical Univ., S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; Scopus Author ID: 6507529350</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3048-5262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гозиев</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goziev</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гозиев Махаммад Кодир угли — студент СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makhammad K. Goziev — Student, Student Scientific Cooperation, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Алина Вадимовна — студентка СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina V. Kim — Student, Student, Student Scientific Cooperation, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanova.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залесова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalesova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Залесова Любовь Николаевна — студентка СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава Россия.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov N. Zalesova — student, Student Scientific Researcher, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanova.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1359-3877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столпнер</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolpner</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столпнер Александра Артемовна — студентка СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra A. Stolpner — student, Student Scientific Researcher, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanova.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цороева</surname><given-names>Х. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsoroeva</surname><given-names>Kh. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цороева Хава Рустамовна — студентка СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khava R.Tsoroeva — student, Student Scientific Researcher, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanova.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovenko</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковенко Анна Евгеньевна — студентка СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna E. Yakovenko — student, Student Scientific Researcher, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanova, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, MHRF.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещенко</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshchenko</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лещенко Юлия Александровна — студентка СНО кафедры факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова, ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Leshchenko — student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after Professor A.A. Rusanova, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, MHRF.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirova of the Ministry of Defense of the Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Моргошия Т.Ш., Апчел В.Я., Гозиев М.К., Ким А.В., Залесова Л.Н., Столпнер А.А., Цороева Х.Р., Яковенко А.Е., Лещенко Ю.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Моргошия Т.Ш., Апчел В.Я., Гозиев М.К., Ким А.В., Залесова Л.Н., Столпнер А.А., Цороева Х.Р., Яковенко А.Е., Лещенко Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morgoshiia T.S., Apchel V.Y., Goziev M.K., Kim A.V., Zalesova L.N., Stolpner A.A., Tsoroeva K.R., Yakovenko A.E., Leshchenko Y.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1393">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1393</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье коротко освещены основные вехи становления и развития проктологии как самостоятельной дисциплины в хирургии. Отмечены заслуги выдающихся ученых в совершенствовании методов лечения проктологических заболеваний более чем за 200 лет. Анализируется эволюция взглядов в лечении острого геморроя от истоков до сегодняшнего дня, приведены малоизвестные факты из истории хирургии этого заболевания. На протяжении XIX столетия были опубликованы крупные научные статьи и монографии, как отечественных, так и зарубежных авторов, проводились конференции, съезды, посвященные болезням прямой кишки и заднего прохода, причем значительное место отводилось изучению острого геморроя, особенно его хирургическому лечению. Отмечено, что актуальность темы с десятилетиями нарастала и привлекала к себе все больше исследователей как у нас в стране, так и за ее пределами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main milestones in the formation and development of proctology as an independent discipline in surgery are briefly covered. The merits of outstanding scientists in improving methods of treating proctological diseases for more than 200 years are noted. Little-known facts from the history of surgery for acute hemorrhoids are presented. The evolution of views from the origins to the present day in the treatment of acute hemorrhoids is analyzed. Throughout the 19th century, major scientific articles and monographs were published by both domestic and foreign authors, conferences and congresses were held on diseases of the rectum and anus, with a significant place devoted to the study of acute hemorrhoids, especially its surgical treatment. It is noted that the relevance of the topic has grown over the decades and attracted more and more researchers both in our country and abroad.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проктология</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>этапы развития</kwd><kwd>вклад видных проктологов</kwd><kwd>хирургия острого геморроя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proctology</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>stages of development</kwd><kwd>contribution of prominent proctologists</kwd><kwd>surgery of acute hemorrhoids</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study had no sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канделис Б.Л. Неотложная проктология (руководство для врачей). 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