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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34651/0023-2149-2020-98-1-68-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-13</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ответственность хирурга в различные исторические эпохи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Responsibility of the surgeon in various historical era</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-0829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012, Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>410012, Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-3318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поделякин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podelyakin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">nothingexcept@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федоров В.Э., Поделякин К.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федоров В.Э., Поделякин К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorov V.E., Podelyakin K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/13">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/13</self-uri><abstract><p>Со времен древнего Вавилона существует профессия хирурга как один из самых сложных и опасных видов деятельности, уже в то время имелись нормы и правила, регулирующие действия врачей. В процессе развития медицины и общества контроль действий хирурга, включающий нормы нравственности и морали, религиозные и нормативноправовые акты, менялся, переходя от смертной казни до полного освобождения от ответственности за неудачи в лечении или в случае смерти больного. Контроль деятельности врача приводил к постепенному совершенствованию законодательства, однако и в настоящее время появляются все новые аспекты врачебной деятельности, нуждающиеся в правовом урегулировании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the emergence of the profession of a surgeon, as one of the most complex and dangerous types of activities, there have been various norms and rules governing the behavior of doctors. In the process of development of medicine and society, the control of the surgeon’s actions, including ethical and moral standards, religious and regulatory legal acts, changed, passing from the death penalty to full release from liability for failure in treatment or in the event of the patient’s death. Public and state control over the doctor’s activities led to a gradual improvement of the legislation, however, even now new aspects of medical activity that need legal regulation are emerging.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>хирургия</kwd><kwd>ответственность</kwd><kwd>врачебная ошибка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd><kwd>responsibility</kwd><kwd>malpractice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J. Medical Error: Is the Solution Medical or Cognitive? 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