clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-10-11-704-713clinmed-1299Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESАналитический обзор факторов риска атеросклерозаAnalytical review of atherosclerosis risk factorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-8938ЛысенковС. П.LysenkovS. P.

Лысенков Сергей Петрович — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры физиологии и общей патологии медицинского института.

Майкоп

Sergey P. Lysenkov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Physiology and General Pathology of the Medical Institute of the Maikop State Technological University.

Maikop

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-8778ШумиловД. С.ShumilovD. S.

Шумилов Дмитрий Сергеевич — канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник иммуногенетической лаборатории НИИ комплексных проблем.

Майкоп

Dmitry S. Shumilov — Candidate of Biology Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of the Adygea State University.

Maikop

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-0634МуженяД. В.MuzhenyaD. V.

Муженя Дмитрий Витальевич — канд. биол. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник иммуногенетической лаборатории НИИ комплексных проблем.

Майкоп

Dmitry V. Muzhenya — Candidate of Biology Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher at the Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of the Adygea State University.

Maikop

dmuzhenya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-7192ТугузА. Р.TuguzA. R.

Тугуз Аминат Рамазановна — д-р биол. наук, профессор кафедры ботаники, заведующая иммуногенетической лабораторией НИИ комплексных проблем.

Майкоп

Aminat R. Tuguz — Doctor of Biology Sciences, Professor of the Department of Botany, Head of the Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of the Adygea State University.

Maikop

ФГБОУ ВО «Майкопский государственный технологический университет»РоссияMaikop State Technological UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Адыгейский государственный университет»РоссияAdyghe State UniversityRussian Federation20251402202610310-11704713Copyright © Лысенков С.П., Шумилов Д.С., Муженя Д.В., Тугуз А.Р., 20262026Лысенков С.П., Шумилов Д.С., Муженя Д.В., Тугуз А.Р.Lysenkov S.P., Shumilov D.S., Muzhenya D.V., Tuguz A.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1299

В современной медицине изучение механизма атерогенеза является одним из наиболее актуальных направлений. По мере накопления новых знаний о данном процессе возникает необходимость их анализа, переосмысления и дополнения уже имеющихся представлений о патогенезе атеросклероза. Анализ литературных источников позволил выделить шесть классических и две новые теории, которые объясняют возможные причины этого заболевания. Однако эти теории не могут полностью объяснить весь механизм развития атеросклероза, поскольку они рассматривают отдельные его аспекты в соответствии с лежащими в их основе гипотезами. Цель данного обзора литературы — не только систематизировать уже имеющиеся данные, но и попытаться ответить на вопросы, возникающие при изучении отдельных аспектов атерогенеза. В результате анализа было выявлено, что возникновение системного эндотелиита, вызванного различными факторами, такими как бактериальные и вирусные инфекции, а также образование активных радикалов оксида азота и кислорода, могут усугубить процесс, способствуя накоплению и задержке липопротеинов низкой плотности в интиме сосуда. Воспаление приводит к гиперпродукции провоспалительных агентов, которые снижают эффективность утилизации и транспорта холестерина из межклеточного пространства в кровь и лимфатическую систему. Систематизация полученных данных в статье может послужить основой для дальнейших исследований, направленных на определение так называемых «контрольных точек», разработку новых методов мониторинга и выявление информативных маркеров атерогенеза.

In modern medicine, studying the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque formation is one of the most important areas. As more knowledge about this process is accumulated, it becomes essential to analyze, reconsider and supplement existing theories about the pathogenesis of this condition. The analysis of literature sources has allowed us to identify 6 classical and 2 new theories that attempt to explain the possible origins of this disease, but these theories are not able to fully explain all aspects of the atherosclerosis process, as they focus on individual aspects according to their underlying assumptions. The aim of this review is not just to organize existing data but also to attempt to answer questions arising from studying specific aspects of atherosclerosis formation. As a consequence of the analysis it was found that systemic inflammation caused by factors such as bacteria and viruses, as well as active radicals of nitrogen oxide and oxygen can exacerbate this process, leading to accumulation and retention low-density lipoproteins in the inner lining of blood vessels. This inflammation leads to an increase in production of pro-inflammatory substances, which reduces the efficiency of transporting cholesterol from cells into the bloodstream and lymphatic systems. The organization of data obtained from this article can be used as a foundation for future experiments aimed at identifying so-called ‘control points’, developing new methods for monitoring and identifying biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.