clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-4-272-278clinmed-1120Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESАктуальные представления о геноме и его значение в формировании зависимости от психоактивных веществCurrent insights into the genome, substance addiction and homo delinquent comorbidityСарманаевС. Х.SarmanaevS. Kh.

  Сарманаев Салават Хамитович — д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель заведующего Токсикологическим центром

Москва

 Salavat Kh. Sarmanaev — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Head of the Toxicological Center 

Moscow

ssarm@bk.ruСуворовГ. Н.SuvorovG. N.

Суворов Георгий Николаевич — канд. юрид. наук, доцент кафедры общественного здоровья и здравоохранения Академии постдипломного образования ФГБУ ФНКЦ ФМБА 

Москва

Georgy N. Suvorov — Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Health and Health Care at the Academy of Postgraduate Education

Moscow

ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины им. академика Ю.М. Лопухина ФМБА России»РоссияLopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА России»РоссияFederal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Health Care and Medical Technology of the Federal Medical and Biological AgencyRussian Federation2025090820251034272278Copyright © Сарманаев С.Х., Суворов Г.Н., 20252025Сарманаев С.Х., Суворов Г.Н.Sarmanaev S.K., Suvorov G.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1120

Полтора столетия назад Чезаре Ламброзо, опираясь на антропологическое исследование  Homo delinquent  в криминологии, предвосхитил методологию фенотипирования. Бурное развитие постгеномных представлений способствовало определению генов, ответственных за аддиктивную уязвимость, в то же время определяющих предрасположенность к другим психическим расстройствам. Изучение общегеномных ассоциаций (GWAS) позволяет одновременно учесть генетические детерминанты прогноза особенностей фенотипа, включающих поведенческие криминальные проявления и какие-либо варианты зависимости от психоактивных веществ. Идентификация генетически детерминированного коморбидного девиантного поведения и «предзависимости» может способствовать формированию особого внимания к рискам, связанным с ранними стадиями поведенческих расстройств и употребления психоактивных веществ, а также построению государственной политики, пенитенциарной системы и ресурсов здравоохранения, которые будут поддерживать меры медицинской профилактики и раннего вмешательства.

A century and a half ago, Cesare Lombroso, based on anthropological research on “Homo delinquent” in criminology, anticipated the methodology of phenotyping. The rapid development of post-genomic concepts has contributed to the identification of genes responsible for addictive vulnerability, which also defi ne predisposition to other mental disorders. The study of genome-wide associations (GWAS) allows for the simultaneous consideration of genetic determinants in predicting phenotypic traits, including behavioral criminal manifestations and various forms of dependence on psychoactive substances. Identifying genetically determined comorbid deviant behavior and “pre-dependence” may help to focus special attention on the risks associated with the early stages of behavioral disorders and psychoactive substance use, as well as inform state policy, the penitentiary system, and healthcare resources that will support preventive medical measures and early intervention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.