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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-4-263-271</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-1119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возрастные и гендерные аспекты поражения нервной  системы при ВИЧ-инфекции и современные возможности терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Age, gender aspects of nervous system damage in hiv infection and modern  treatment options</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юсупов Фуркат Абдулахатович — д–р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой неврологии, нейрохрургии и психиатри и медицинского факультета</p><p>Ош</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Furkat A. Yusupov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine </p><p>Osh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-1306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ыдырысов</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ydyrysov</surname><given-names>I. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Ыдырысов Исматилла Токтосунович — д–р мед. наук, профессор, декан медицинского факультета</p><p>Ош</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ismatilla T. Ydyrysov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Medical Faculty</p><p>Osh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldashev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлдашев Акмал Акбарович — аспирант кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и психиатрии медицинского факультета  </p><p>Ош</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akmal A. Yuldashev — postgraduate student of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry of the Medical Faculty</p><p>Osh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akmal.yuldashev.2017@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ошский государственный университет</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osh State University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>271</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юсупов Ф.А., Ыдырысов И.Т., Юлдашев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юсупов Ф.А., Ыдырысов И.Т., Юлдашев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yusupov F.A., Ydyrysov I.T., Yuldashev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1119">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1119</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекция, вызванная вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), стала важной проблемой практического здравоохранения во всем мире и требует мультидисциплинарного подхода уже на начальной стадии заболевания. Спектр вовлечения в патологический процесс систем и органов при ВИЧ-инфекции очень велик, особое внимание в клинической практике заслуживает поражение нервной системы. Лечение ВИЧ-инфекции претерпело изменения с момента создания комбинированной антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) в 1990-х годах, предоставляя ВИЧ-инфицированным лицам подходы, которые обеспечивают подавление репликации вируса, предотвращение синдрома приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД) на протяжении всей их жизни с помощью непрерывной терапии и останавливают передачу ВИЧ. Однако, несмотря на успех этих схем лечения, глобальная эпидемия ВИЧ сохраняется, что побуждает к всестороннему изучению потенциальных стратегий лечения ВИЧ. В настоящее время широко внедрены современные антиретровирусные препараты, что привело к значительному увеличению продолжительности жизни ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц. В условиях снижения смертности, связанной с ВИЧ, особое значение приобретают ВИЧ-ассоциированные нейрокогнитивные расстройства (ВАНКР), которые могут развиваться даже на фоне эффективной терапии. Общая распространенность данной патологии среди пациентов с ВИЧ доходит до 42,6%, в то время как возможности ее лечения остаются предметом дискуссии. В статье представлен обзор современной литературы, посвященной поражению нервной системы при ВИЧ-инфекции и современной стратегии выбора противовирусной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Infection caused by the human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) has become a signifi cant issue in practical healthcare worldwide and requires a multidisciplinary approach even at the early stages of the disease. The range of systems and organs involved in the pathological process of HIV infection is extensive, with particular attention in clinical practice given to nervous system damage. The treatment of HIV infection has evolved since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the 1990s, providing HIV-infected individuals with approaches that ensure viral replication suppression, prevention of acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome (AIDS) throughout their lives through continuous therapy, and interruption of HIV transmission. However, despite the success of these treatment regimens, the global HIV epidemic persists, prompting comprehensive exploration of potential HIV treatment strategies. Currently, modern antiretroviral drugs are widely implemented, leading to a signifi cant increase in the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals. With the reduction of HIV-related mortality, HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have gained particular importance, as they can develop even in the context of eff ective therapy. The overall prevalence of this pathology among HIV patients reaches up to 42.6%, while treatment options remain a subject of discussion. This article presents a review of contemporary literature dedicated to nervous system damage in HIV infection and current strategies for antiviral therapy selection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>поражения нервной системы</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>nervous system damage</kwd><kwd>HIV encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiong L., Loo N.N., Lu Z.Q. et al. Ureterolithiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients Treated with Single-Use Ureteroscope: A Case Report. Am. J. Case Rep. 2022;23:e938608. 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