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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-3-208-216</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-1096</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь типа и количества моноклонального иммуноглобулина с тяжестью анемического синдрома у больных с плазмоклеточными новообразованиями и другими заболеваниями с парапротеинемией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The relationship between the type and amount of monoclonal immunoglobulin and the severity of anemic syndrome in patients with plasma cell neoplasms and other diseases with paraproteinemia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-8321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писаревская</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarevskaya</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Николаевна Писаревская — врач-гематолог отделения лимфопролиферативных заболеваний с химиотерапией гематологического центра</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Pisarevskaya — a hematologist at the Department of Lymphoproliferative Diseases with Chemotherapy at the  Hematology Center</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sefeta@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1309-7265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавицын</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavitsyn</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Анатольевич Рукавицын — д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник гематологического центра</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Rukavitsyn — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Hematology Center</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenκo of the Ministry of Defense of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>216</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Писаревская О.Н., Рукавицын О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Писаревская О.Н., Рукавицын О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pisarevskaya O.N., Rukavitsyn O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1096">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1096</self-uri><abstract><p>Имеется значительный объем научных данных по клиническому течению, молекулярной биологии, возможностям терапии плазмоклеточных опухолей и других заболеваний с секрецией парапротеинов, менее представлен анализ влияния тех или иных клинико-лабораторных признаков и их комбинаций на течение заболеваний и прогноз. Актуален поиск других признаков течения заболеваний, в частности, определения взаимосвязи типа и уровня секреции моноклонального иммуноглобулина со степенью тяжести анемического синдрома, с чем связана наша работа. Цель: определить взаимосвязь между типом секреции и количеством в сыворотке и моче моноклонального иммуноглобулина с выраженностью анемического синдрома у больных с парапротеинемическими гемобластозами (ПГ). Оценить секрецию патологического белка в качестве возможного фактора прогноза развития анемии у данной категории пациентов. Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 116 пациентов с плазмоклеточными новообразованиями и макроглобулинемией Вальденстрема. У 104 (87,8%) больных была диагностирована множественная миелома. У 8 (6,9%) больных диагностировалась макроглобулинемия Вальденстрема, плазмоклеточный лейкоз у 2 (1,7%) больных, солитарная плазмоцитома и моноклональная гаммапатия неясного значения диагностированы по одному случаю (0,8%) соответственно. По уровню гемоглобина больные были разделены на 4 группы: в первую группу включены пациенты с гемоглобином выше 120 г/л, вторую группу составили пациенты с легкой степенью анемии (уровень гемоглобина от 119 до 100 г/л), в третью включены пациенты с анемией средней степени тяжести (уровень гемоглобина 99–80 г/л), четвертую группу составили пациенты с тяжелой степенью анемии (уровень гемоглобина ниже 79 г/л). В сыворотке крови во всех четырех группах определялись парапротеины: Gκ, Gλ, Аκ, Aλ, Мκ, Мλ, Dλ, белок BJκ и BJλ, также определялась экскреция белка Бенс-Джонса (BJ) BJκ и BJλ в моче. Результаты. У большинства пациентов в крови определялись парапротеины — Gκ (35,1%), Gλ (24,6%), белок BJλ (14,9%); в моче — белок BJλ (14,9%) и BJκ (28,1%). Реже определялась секреция в крови других типов парапротеинов — Аκ (9,6%), Aλ (7%), Мκ (3,5%), Мλ (3,5%), Dλ (2,6%), белка BJκ (4,4%). Абсолютное большинство составляли пациенты с наличием парапротеина в крови (Gκ и Gλ), белка BJλ в сыворотке, экскрецией белков BJλ и BJκ в моче. При этом значительно реже определялась секреция в крови других типов парапротеинов — Аκ, Aλ, Мκ, Мλ, Dλ, BJκ. Чаще диагностировалась анемия I степени — в группе с уровнем гемоглобина 119–100 г/л большое число пациентов 40 (35%). Анемия II степени (гемоглобин 99–80 г/л) диагностировалась у 33 (28%) больных, III степени — у 13 (11%) больных. Уровень гемоглобина выше 120 г/л определен у 30 (26%) больных. Статистически значимой взаимосвязи между типом парапротеина, количественным значением, определяемым в сыворотке и моче, и степенью тяжести анемии не получено ни в одной из групп. Прослеживается некоторая взаимосвязь между экскрецией BJκ с мочой и уровнем гемоглобина (χ2 = 10,94, р = 0,01 (&lt; 0,05)). Вероятнее всего это связано с большим числом больных с почечной недостаточностью среди пациентов с экскрецией BJκ с мочой. Поражение почек диагностировано у 18 (54%) из 33 больных с экскрецией BJκ с мочой. Определена статистически значимая взаимосвязь между количеством опухолевых клеток в костном мозге и степенью анемии, а также уровнем β-2 микроглобулина и степенью анемии. Выводы. Установлено, что тип и количественный уровень секреции не может быть прогностическим фактором тяжести анемического синдрома у больных с ПГ. В исследовании выявлена взаимосвязь между степенью тяжести анемии и количеством белка BJκ, определяемого в моче. Поскольку в этой группе 54% больных с почечной недостаточностью, мы предполагаем, что имеет место анемия хронического заболевания, обусловленная нарушением выработки эритропоэтина при повреждении почек. Также выявлена взаимосвязь между степенью тяжести анемии и инфильтрацией опухолевыми клетками костного мозга, это подтверждает, что ведущей причиной анемии у больных с ПГ является инфильтрация костного мозга опухолевыми клетками и их негативным влиянием на эритропоэз</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is a signifi cant amount of scientifi c data on the clinical course, molecular biology, treatment options for plasma cell tumors and other disorders connected with the secretion of paraproteins. However, the analysis of the infl uence of specifi c clinical and laboratory signs and their combinations on disease progression and prognosis is less represented. The search for other indicators of disease progression is relevant, particularly the determination of the relationship between the type and level of monoclonal immunoglobulin secretion and the severity of the anemic syndrome, which is the focus of our work. Purpose. To determine the correlation between the type of secretion and the amount of monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum and urine with the severity of anemic syndrome in patients with paraproteinemic hemoblastoses (PН). To evaluate the secretion of pathological protein as a possible prognosis factor for the development of anemia in this category of patients. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 116 patients with plasma cell neoplasms and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Of these, 104 (87.8%) were diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Eight (6.9%) patients were diagnosed with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, two (1.7%) with plasma cell leukemia, and one case each (0.8%) of solitary plasmacytoma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signifi cance. Patients were divided into four groups based on hemoglobin levels: the fi rst group included patients with hemoglobin above 120 g/L, the second group consisted of patients with mild anemia (hemoglobin level from 119 to 100 g/L), the third included patients with moderate anemia (hemoglobin level 99– 80 g/L), and the fourth group comprised patients with severe anemia (hemoglobin level below 79 g/L). Paraproteins were determined in serum in all four groups: Gκ, Gλ, Aκ, Aλ, Mκ, Mλ, Dλ, BJκ, and BJλ proteins, as well as the excretion of BJκ and BJλ proteins in urine. Results. In most patients, paraproteins were detected in blood: Gκ (35.1%), Gλ (24.6%), and BJλ protein (14.9%); in urine: BJλ protein (14.9%) and BJκ (28.1%). The secretion of other types of paraproteins in blood was less frequent: Aκ (9.6%), Aλ (7%), Mκ (3.5%), Mλ (3.5%), Dλ (2.6%), BJκ (4.4%). The absolute majority consisted of patients with paraprotein in blood (Gκ and Gλ), BJλ protein in serum, and excretion of BJλ and BJκ proteins in urine. At the same time, the secretion of other types of paraproteins—Aκ, Aλ, Mκ, Mλ, Dλ, BJκ—was signifi cantly less frequently detected. Anemia of grade I was more frequently diagnosed—in the group with hemoglobin levels of 119–100 g/L, there were more patients (40; 35%). Grade II anemia (hemoglobin 99–80 g/L) was diagnosed in 33 (28%) patients, grade III in 13 (11%) patients. Hemoglobin levels above 120 g/L were found in 30 (26%) patients. No statistically signifi cant relationship was found between the type of paraprotein, its quantitative value in serum and urine, and the severity of anemia in any group. There was a certain correlation between the excretion of BJκ in urine and hemoglobin levels (χ2 = 10.94, p = 0.01 (&lt; 0.05)). This is likely related to a higher number of patients with renal failure among those excreting BJκ in urine. Kidney damage was diagnosed in 18 (54%) out of 33 patients with BJκ excretion in urine. A statistically signifi cant relationship was identifi ed between the number of tumor cells in bone marrow and the severity of anemia, as well as between the level of β-2 microglobulin and the severity of anemia. Conclusions. It has been established that the type and quantitative level of secretion cannot be a prognostic factor for the severity of anemic syndrome in patients with PH. The study revealed a relationship between the severity of anemia and the amount of BJκ protein determined in urine. Since 54% of pati ents in t his group have renal insuffi ciency, we suggest that there is anemia of chronic disease caused by impaired erythropoietin production due to kidney damage. A correlation has also been identifi ed between the severity of anemia and the infi ltration of tumor cells in the bone marrow, which confi rms that the leading cause of anemia in patients with plasma cell disorders is the infi ltration of the bone marrow by tumor cells and their negative impact on erythropoiesis</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плазмоклеточные опухоли и другие заболевания</kwd><kwd>сопровождающиеся парапротеи немией</kwd><kwd>моноклональный иммуноглобулин</kwd><kwd>анемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plasma cell disorders and other diseases associated with paraproteinemia</kwd><kwd>monoclonal immunoglobulin</kwd><kwd>anemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alaggio R., Amador C., Anagnostopoulos I. et al. 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