clinmedКлиническая медицинаClinical Medicine (Russian Journal)0023-21492412-1339ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-3-169-180clinmed-1088Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESРазгрузочно-диетическая терапия и прерывистое голодание как единая лечебно-профилактическая стратегия возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний человекаFasting-dietary therapy and intermittent fasting as a unifi ed treatment and preventive strategy for age-associated human diseasesЕсиповА. В.EsipovA. V.

Есипов Александр Владимирович — д-р мед. наук, доцент, начальник; профессор кафедры хирургии с курсом онкологии и лучевой диагностики

Красногорск

Москва

Alexander V. Esipov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies; Professor of the Department of Surgery with a course in Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics

Krasnogorsk

Moscow

ГуляевН. И.GulyaevN. I.

Гуляев Николай Иванович — д-р мед. наук, доцент, начальник кардиологического центра; профессор кафедры терапии неотложных состояний; преподаватель кафедры госпитальной терапии с курсами эндокринологии, гематологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики

Красногорск

Москва

Nikolay I. Gulyaev — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Cardiology Center of the National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies; Professor of the Department of Emergency Treatment; Lecturer at the Department of Hospital Therapy with courses in endocrinology, hematology and clinical laboratory diagnostics

Krasnogorsk

Moscow

nig27@mail.ruПетькоА. П.PetkoA. P.

Петько Анатолий Петрович — канд. мед. наук, начальник центра традиционной медицины и восстановительного лечения

Красногорск

 

Anatoly P. Petko — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Center for Traditional Medicine and Rehabilitation Treatment

Krasnogorsk

 

ПрохорчикА. А.ProkhorchikA. A.

Прохорчик Александр Александрович — канд. мед. наук, главный терапевт

Красногорск

Москва

Alexander A. Prokhorchik – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Chief Therapist; Lecturer at the Department of Emergency Treatment

Krasnogorsk

Moscow

МироненкоД. А.MironenkoD. A.

Мироненко Дмитрий Андреевич — канд. мед. наук, заведующий терапевтическим отделением центра традиционной медицины и восстановительного лечения

Красногорск

Dmitry A. Mironenko — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Therapeutic Department of the Center for Traditional Medicine and Rehabilitation Treatment

Krasnogorsk

 

ХудзиевБ. Г.KhudzievB. G.

Худзиев Батраз Гасаевич — канд. мед. наук, врач-терапевт терапевтического отделения центра традиционной медицины и восстановительного лечения

Красногорск

Batraz G. Khudziev — Candidate of Medical Sciences, general practitioner of the therapeutic department of the center of traditional medicine and rehabilitation treatment

Krasnogorsk

 

КутенковаИ. В.KutenkovaI. V.

Кутенкова Ирина Владимировна — врач-терапевт терапевтического отделения центра традиционной медицины и восстановительного лечения

Красногорск

Irina V. Kutenkova — Internist at the therapeutic department of the center of traditional medicine and rehabilitation treatment

Krasnogorsk

 

КриволапЛ. Е.KrivolapL. E.

Криволап Леонид Евгеньевич — клинический ординатор кафедры терапии неотложных состояний

Москва

Leonid E. Krivolap — Clinical resident of the department of emergency treatment

Moscow

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр высоких медицинских технологий — Центральный военный клинический госпиталь им. А.А. Вишневского» Минобороны России; Филиал ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» в г. Москве Минобороны РоссииРоссияNational Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies — A.A. Vishnevsky Central Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of Russia; Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (Branch, Moscow) of the Ministry of Defense of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр высоких медицинских технологий — Центральный военный клинический госпиталь им. А.А. Вишневского» Минобороны России; Филиал ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» в г. Москве Минобороны России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы», Минобрнауки РФ (РУДН)РоссияNational Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies — A.A. Vishnevsky Central Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of Russia; Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (Branch, Moscow) of the Ministry of Defense of Russia; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) of the Ministry of Education and Science of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр высоких медицинских технологий — Центральный военный клинический госпиталь им. А.А. Вишневского» Минобороны РоссииРоссияNational Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies — A.A. Vishnevsky Central Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of RussiaRussian FederationФилиал ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» в г. Москве Минобороны РоссииРоссияMilitary Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (Branch, Moscow) of the Ministry of Defense of RussiaRussian Federation2025030720251033169180Copyright © Есипов А.В., Гуляев Н.И., Петько А.П., Прохорчик А.А., Мироненко Д.А., Худзиев Б.Г., Кутенкова И.В., Криволап Л.Е., 20252025Есипов А.В., Гуляев Н.И., Петько А.П., Прохорчик А.А., Мироненко Д.А., Худзиев Б.Г., Кутенкова И.В., Криволап Л.Е.Esipov A.V., Gulyaev N.I., Petko A.P., Prokhorchik A.A., Mironenko D.A., Khudziev B.G., Kutenkova I.V., Krivolap L.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1088

Изменение стереотипа питания играет ведущую роль, особенно в качестве «средства» против ожирения и связанных с ним метаболических заболеваний. За последние десятилетия схемы прерывистого голодания приобрели популярность как альтернатива традиционным стратегиям снижения веса, таким как разгрузочно-диетическая терапия и гипокалорийные диеты. Имеющиеся литературные источники свидетельствуют, что прерывистое голодание с учетом конкретных особенностей и потребностей человека может быть рекомендовано как в рамках индивидуальной программы по снижению веса и лечения метаболических заболеваний, так и после длительных циклов разгрузочно-диетической терапии с целью сохранения положительных результатов лечения в отдаленной перспективе. В рамках настоящего обзора показано, что методики низкокалорийного питания, прерывистого и полного голодания являются эффективным нефармакологическим вмешательством для коррекции кардиометаболических нарушений. Они способствуют увеличению продолжительности жизни, подавлению онкогенеза и их целесообразно рассматривать в рамках единой лечебно-профилактической стратегии возраст-ассоциированной патологии человека

Changing dietary patterns plays a leading role, especially as a means against obesity and related metabolic diseases. Over the past decades, intermittent fasting regimens have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional weight loss strategies such as fasting-diet therapy and hypocaloric diets. Available literature suggests that intermittent fasting, taking into account the specifi c characteristics and needs of a person, can be recommended both as part of an individual program for weight loss and treatment of metabolic diseases, and after long cycles of fasting-dietary therapy in order to maintain positive treatment results in the long term. This review shows that the methods of complete fasting, low-calorie nutrition and intermittent fasting are eff ective non-pharmacological interventions for the correction of cardiometabolic disorders that contribute to an increase in life expectancy and suppression of oncogenesis and it is advisable to consider them within the framework of a unifi ed treatment and preventive strategy for age-associated human pathology

разгрузочно-диетическая терапияпрерывистое голоданиепитаниеограниченное по времениинтервальное голоданиепериодическое голоданиеfasting-dietary therapyintermittent fastingtime-restricted eatinginterval fastingperiodic fastingReferencesOhsumi Y. Historical landmarks of autophagy research. Cell. Res. 2014;24(1):9–23. DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.169Ohsumi Y. Historical landmarks of autophagy research. Cell. Res. 2014;24(1):9–23. DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.169Klionsky D.J., Petroni G., Amaravadi R.K., Baehrecke E.H., Ballabio A., Boya P. et al. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J. 2021;40(19):e108863. DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863Klionsky D.J., Petroni G., Amaravadi R.K., Baehrecke E.H., Ballabio A., Boya P. et al. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J. 2021;40(19):e108863. DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863Silveira Rossi J.L., Barbalho S.M., Reverete de Araujo R., Bechara M.D., Sloan K.P., Sloan L.A. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2022;38:e3502. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3502Silveira Rossi J.L., Barbalho S.M., Reverete de Araujo R., Bechara M.D., Sloan K.P., Sloan L.A. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2022;38:e3502. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3502Максимов В.А. Разгрузочно-диетическая терапия заболеваний органов пищеварения. В кн.: Немедикаментозные методы лечения заболеваний органов пищеварения. М. Адамантъ. 2018:289– 339.Maksimov V.A. Fasting-dietary therapy for diseases of the digestive system. In: Non-drug methods for treating diseases of the digestive system. M. Adamant. 2018:289–339. (In Russian).Берковская М.А., Гурова О.Ю., Хайкина И.А., Фадеев В.В. Питание, ограниченное по времени, как новая стратегия терапии ожирения и коморбидных состояний. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2022;68(4):78–91.Berkovskaya M.A., Gurova O.Y., Khaykina I.A., Fadeev V.V. Time-restricted eating as a novel strategy for treatment of obesity and it’s comorbid conditions. Problems of Endocrinology. 2022;68(4):78–91. (In Russian) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl13078Sharma S.K., Mudgal S.K., Kalra S., Gaur R., Thakur K., Agarwal R. Eff ect of intermittent fasting on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. touchREV Endocrinol. 2023;19(1):25– 32. DOI: 10.17925/EE.2023.19.1.25Sharma S.K., Mudgal S.K., Kalra S., Gaur R., Thakur K., Agarwal R. Eff ect of intermittent fasting on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. touchREV Endocrinol. 2023;19(1):25– 32. DOI: 10.17925/EE.2023.19.1.25Shazman S. Understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus risk parameters through intermittent fasting: a machine learning approach. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):3926. DOI: 10.3390/nu15183926Shazman S. Understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus risk parameters through intermittent fasting: a machine learning approach. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):3926. DOI: 10.3390/nu15183926Naous E., Achkar A., Mitri J. Intermittent fasting and its eff ects on weight, glycemia, lipids, and blood pressure: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2023;15(16):3661. DOI: 10.3390/nu15163661Naous E., Achkar A., Mitri J. Intermittent fasting and its eff ects on weight, glycemia, lipids, and blood pressure: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2023;15(16):3661. DOI: 10.3390/nu15163661Aragon A.A., Schoenfeld B.J. Does timing matter? A narrative review of intermittent fasting variants and their eff ects on bodyweight and body Composition. Nutrients. 2022;14(23):5022. DOI: 10.3390/nu14235022Aragon A.A., Schoenfeld B.J. Does timing matter? A narrative review of intermittent fasting variants and their eff ects on bodyweight and body Composition. Nutrients. 2022;14(23):5022. DOI: 10.3390/nu14235022Elortegui Pascual P., Rolands M.R., Eldridge A.L., Kassis A., Mainardi F., Lê K.A., Karagounis L.G., Gut P., Varady K.A. A meta-analysis comparing the eff ectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss. Obesity. 2023;31(1):9–21. DOI: 10.1002/oby.23568Elortegui Pascual P., Rolands M.R., Eldridge A.L., Kassis A., Mainardi F., Lê K.A., Karagounis L.G., Gut P., Varady K.A. A meta-analysis comparing the eff ectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss. Obesity. 2023;31(1):9–21. DOI: 10.1002/oby.23568Рекомендации по ведению больных с метаболическим синдромом: клинические рекомендации. М:.2013:43.Recommendations for the management of patients with metabolic syndrome: clinical guidelines. M. 2013:43. (In Russian). [Electronic resource]. URL: https://mzdrav.rk.gov.ru/file/mzdrav_18042014_Klinicheskie_ rekomendacii_Metabolicheskij_sindrom.pdfJiang Y., Yang X., Dong C., Lu Y., Yin H., Xiao B. et al. Five-day water-only fasting decreased metabolic-syndrome risk factors and increased anti-aging biomarkers without toxicity in a clinical trial of normal-weight individuals. Clin. Transl. Med. 2021;11(8):e502. DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.502Jiang Y., Yang X., Dong C., Lu Y., Yin H., Xiao B. et al. Five-day water-only fasting decreased metabolic-syndrome risk factors and increased anti-aging biomarkers without toxicity in a clinical trial of normal-weight individuals. Clin. Transl. Med. 2021;11(8):e502. DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.502Ogłodek E., Pilis W. Is water-only fasting safe? Glob. Adv. Health Med. 2021;10:21649561211031178. DOI: 10.1177/21649561211031178Ogłodek E., Pilis W. Is water-only fasting safe? Glob. Adv. Health Med. 2021;10:21649561211031178. DOI: 10.1177/21649561211031178Scharf E., Zeiler E., Ncube M., Kolbe P., Hwang S.Y., Goldhamer A., Myers T.R. The eff ects of prolonged water-only fasting and refeeding on markers of cardiometabolic risk. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1183. DOI: 10.3390/nu14061183Scharf E., Zeiler E., Ncube M., Kolbe P., Hwang S.Y., Goldhamer A., Myers T.R. The eff ects of prolonged water-only fasting and refeeding on markers of cardiometabolic risk. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1183. DOI: 10.3390/nu14061183Gabriel S., Ncube M., Zeiler E., Thompson N., Karlsen M.C., Goldman D.M. et al. A six-week follow-up study on the sustained eff ects of prolonged water-only fasting and refeeding on markers of cardiometabolic Risk. Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4313. DOI: 10.3390/nu14204313Gabriel S., Ncube M., Zeiler E., Thompson N., Karlsen M.C., Goldman D.M. et al. A six-week follow-up study on the sustained eff ects of prolonged water-only fasting and refeeding on markers of cardiometabolic Risk. Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4313. DOI: 10.3390/nu14204313de Toledo F.W., Grundler F., Bergouignan A., Drinda S., Michalsen A. Safety, health improvement and well-being during a 4 to 21-day fasting period in an observational study including 1422 subjects. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0209353. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209353de Toledo F.W., Grundler F., Bergouignan A., Drinda S., Michalsen A. Safety, health improvement and well-being during a 4 to 21-day fasting period in an observational study including 1422 subjects. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0209353. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209353Schroor M.M., Joris P.J., Plat J., Mensink R.P. Eff ects of intermittent energy restriction compared with those of continuous energy restriction on body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers — a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults. Adv. Nutr. 2024;15(1):100130. DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.003Schroor M.M., Joris P.J., Plat J., Mensink R.P. Eff ects of intermittent energy restriction compared with those of continuous energy restriction on body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers — a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults. Adv. Nutr. 2024;15(1):100130. DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.003Carter S., Clifton P.M., Keogh J.B. Eff ect of intermittent compared with continuous energy restricted diet on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized noninferiority trial. JAMA Netw. Open. 2018;1(3):e180756. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756Carter S., Clifton P.M., Keogh J.B. Eff ect of intermittent compared with continuous energy restricted diet on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized noninferiority trial. JAMA Netw. Open. 2018;1(3):e180756. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756Kunduraci Y.E., Ozbek H. Does the energy restriction intermittent fasting diet alleviate metabolic syndrome biomarkers? a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3213. DOI: 10.3390/nu12103213Kunduraci Y.E., Ozbek H. Does the energy restriction intermittent fasting diet alleviate metabolic syndrome biomarkers? a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3213. DOI: 10.3390/nu12103213Петько А.П., Худзиев Б.Г, Михайлов Н.Е., Евдокимов А.С., Исаева О.Л. Роль разгрузочно-диетической терапии в комплексном немедикаментозном лечении гипертонической болезни. Воен.мед. журн. 2015; 336(2): 55–57.Petko A.P., Khudziev B.G., Mikhailov N.E., Evdokimov A.S., Isaeva O.L. The role of fasting and dietary therapy in the complex non-drug treatment of hypertension. Voyenno-meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2015;336(2):55–57. (In Russian). [Electronic resource]. URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-9050/issue/view/3968Kodela P., Okeke M., Guntuku S., Lingamsetty S.S.P., Slonovschi E. Management of hypertension with non-pharmacological interventions: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43022. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43022Kodela P., Okeke M., Guntuku S., Lingamsetty S.S.P., Slonovschi E. Management of hypertension with non-pharmacological interventions: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43022. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43022Ghadieh A.S., Saab B. Evidence for exercise training in the management of hypertension in adults. Can. Fam. Physician. 2015; 61(3): 233–239. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/61/3/233.full.pdfGhadieh A.S., Saab B. Evidence for exercise training in the management of hypertension in adults. Can. Fam. Physician. 2015; 61(3): 233–239. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/61/3/233.full.pdfLongo V.D., Mattson M.P. Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2014;19(2):181–192. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.008Longo V.D., Mattson M.P. Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2014;19(2):181–192. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.008Redman L.M., Smith S.R., Burton J.H., Martin C.K., Il’yasova D., Ravussin E. Metabolic slowing and reduced oxidative damage with sustained caloric restriction support the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of aging. Cell Metab. 2018;27(4):805–815. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.019Redman L.M., Smith S.R., Burton J.H., Martin C.K., Il’yasova D., Ravussin E. Metabolic slowing and reduced oxidative damage with sustained caloric restriction support the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of aging. Cell Metab. 2018;27(4):805–815. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.019Rozing M.P., Westendorp R.G., de Craen A.J., Frölich M., Heijmans B.T., Beekman M. et al. Low serum free triiodothyronine levels mark familial longevity: the Leiden Longevity Study. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2010;65(4):365–368. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp200Rozing M.P., Westendorp R.G., de Craen A.J., Frölich M., Heijmans B.T., Beekman M. et al. Low serum free triiodothyronine levels mark familial longevity: the Leiden Longevity Study. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2010;65(4):365–368. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp200Ravussin E., Redman L.M., Rochon J., Das S.K., Fontana L., Kraus W.E. et al. A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: feasibility and eff ects on predictors of health span and longevity. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2015;70(9):1097– 1104. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv057Ravussin E., Redman L.M., Rochon J., Das S.K., Fontana L., Kraus W.E. et al. A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: feasibility and eff ects on predictors of health span and longevity. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2015;70(9):1097– 1104. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv057Stekovic S., Hofer S.J., Tripolt N., Aon M.A., Royer P., Pein L. et al. Alternate day fasting improves physiological and molecular markers of aging in healthy, non-obese humans. Cell Metab. 2019;30(3):462– 476. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.016Stekovic S., Hofer S.J., Tripolt N., Aon M.A., Royer P., Pein L. et al. Alternate day fasting improves physiological and molecular markers of aging in healthy, non-obese humans. Cell Metab. 2019;30(3):462– 476. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.016Franceschi C., Bonafè M., Valensin S., Olivieri F., De Luca M., Ottaviani E., De Benedictis G. Infl amm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2000;908:244–254. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.xFranceschi C., Bonafè M., Valensin S., Olivieri F., De Luca M., Ottaviani E., De Benedictis G. Infl amm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2000;908:244–254. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.xWei M., Brandhorst S., Shelehchi M., Mirzaei H., Cheng C.W., Budniak J.et al. Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sci. Transl. Med. 2017;9(377):eaai8700. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8700Wei M., Brandhorst S., Shelehchi M., Mirzaei H., Cheng C.W., Budniak J.et al. Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sci. Transl. Med. 2017;9(377):eaai8700. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8700Jiang Y., Tang Z., Zhu X., Xiao B., Tian H., Lei X. et al. Non-invasive omics analysis delineates molecular changes in water-only fasting and its sex-discriminating features in metabolic syndrome patients. Med. Comm. (2020). 2023;4(6):e393. DOI: 10.1002/mco2.393Jiang Y., Tang Z., Zhu X., Xiao B., Tian H., Lei X. et al. Non-invasiveVitale G., Brugts M.P., Ogliari G., Castaldi D., Fatti L.M., Varewijck A.J. et al. Low circulating IGF-I bioactivity is associated with human longevity: fi ndings in centenarians’ off spring. Aging (Albany NY). 2012;4(9):580–589. DOI: 10.18632/aging.100484omics analysis delineates molecular changes in water-only fasting and its sex-discriminating features in metabolic syndrome patients. Med. Comm. (2020). 2023;4(6):e393. DOI: 10.1002/mco2.393Thissen J.P., Ketelslegers J.M., Underwood L.E. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocr. Rev.1994;15(1):80–101. DOI: 10.1210/edrv-15-1-80Vitale G., Brugts M.P., Ogliari G., Castaldi D., Fatti L.M., Varewijck A.J. et al. Low circulating IGF-I bioactivity is associated with human longevity: fi ndings in centenarians’ off spring. Aging (Albany NY). 2012;4(9):580–589. DOI: 10.18632/aging.100484Fontana L., Partridge L., Longo V.D. Dietary restriction, growth factors and aging: from yeast to humans. Science. 2010;328(5976):321–326. DOI: 10.1126/science.1172539Thissen J.P., Ketelslegers J.M., Underwood L.E. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocr. Rev.1994;15(1):80–101. DOI: 10.1210/edrv-15-1-80Fontana L., Weiss E.P., Villareal D.T., Klein S., Holloszy J.O. Longterm eff ects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell. 2008;7(5):681–687. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00417.xFontana L., Partridge L., Longo V.D. Dietary restriction, growth factors and aging: from yeast to humans. Science. 2010;328(5976):321–326. DOI: 10.1126/science.1172539Jamshed H., Beyl R.A., Della Manna D.L., Yang E.S., Ravussin E., Peterson C.M. Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and aff ects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1234. DOI: 10.3390/nu11061234Fontana L., Weiss E.P., Villareal D.T., Klein S., Holloszy J.O. Longterm eff ects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell. 2008;7(5):681–687. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00417.xNencioni A., Caff a I., Cortellino S., Longo V.D. Fasting and cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical application. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2018;18(11):707–719. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0061-0Jamshed H., Beyl R.A., Della Manna D.L., Yang E.S., Ravussin E., Peterson C.M. Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and aff ects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1234. DOI: 10.3390/nu11061234Salvioli S., Capri M., Bucci L., Lanni C., Racchi M., Uberti D., Memo M., Mari D., Govoni S., Franceschi C. Why do centenarians escape or postpone cancer? The role of IGF-1, infl ammation and p53. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2009;58(12):1909–17. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0639-6Nencioni A., Caff a I., Cortellino S., Longo V.D. Fasting and cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical application. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2018;18(11):707–719. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0061-0Guevara-Aguirre J., Balasubramanian P., Guevara-Aguirre M., Wei M., Madia F., Cheng C.W. et al. Growth hormone receptor defi ciency is associated with a major reduction in pro-aging signaling, cancer, and diabetes in humans. Sci. Transl. Med. 2011;3(70):70ra13. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001845Salvioli S., Capri M., Bucci L., Lanni C., Racchi M., Uberti D., Memo M., Mari D., Govoni S., Franceschi C. Why do centenarians escape or postpone cancer? The role of IGF-1, infl ammation and p53. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2009;58(12):1909–17. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0639-6Shevah O., Laron Z. Patients with congenital defi ciency of IGF-I seem protected from the development of malignancies: a preliminary report. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2007;17(1):54–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.10.007Guevara-Aguirre J., Balasubramanian P., Guevara-Aguirre M., Wei M., Madia F., Cheng C.W. et al. Growth hormone receptor defi ciency is associated with a major reduction in pro-aging signaling, cancer, and diabetes in humans. Sci. Transl. Med. 2011;3(70):70ra13. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001845de Groot S., Lugtenberg R.T., Cohen D., Welters M.J.P., Ehsan I., Vreeswijk M.P.G. et al. Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial. Nat. Commun. 2020;11(1):3083– 3093. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16138-3Shevah O., Laron Z. Patients with congenital defi ciency of IGF-I seem protected from the development of malignancies: a preliminary report. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2007;17(1):54–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.10.007Safdie F.M., Dorff T., Quinn D., Fontana L., Wei M., Lee C., Cohen P., Longo V.D. Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: A case series report. Aging (Albany NY). 2009;1(12):988–1007. DOI: 10.18632/aging.100114de Groot S., Lugtenberg R.T., Cohen D., Welters M.J.P., Ehsan I., Vreeswijk M.P.G. et al. Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial. Nat. Commun. 2020;11(1):3083– 3093. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16138-3Ferro Y., Maurotti S., Tarsitano M.G., Lodari O., Pujia R., Mazza E. et al. Therapeutic fasting in reducing chemotherapy side eff ects in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2023;15(12):2666. DOI: 10.3390/nu15122666Safdie F.M., Dorff T., Quinn D., Fontana L., Wei M., Lee C., Cohen P., Longo V.D. Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: A case series report. Aging (Albany NY). 2009;1(12):988–1007. DOI: 10.18632/aging.100114Zhong Z., Zhang H., Nan K., Zhong J., Wu Q., Lu L. et al. Fastingmimicking diet drives antitumor immunity against colorectal cancer by reducing iga-producing cells. Cancer Res. 2023;83(21):3529– 3543. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-0323Ferro Y., Maurotti S., Tarsitano M.G., Lodari O., Pujia R., Mazza E. et al. Therapeutic fasting in reducing chemotherapy side eff ects in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2023;15(12):2666. DOI: 10.3390/nu15122666Zhong Z., Zhang H., Nan K., Zhong J., Wu Q., Lu L. et al. Fastingmimicking diet drives antitumor immunity against colorectal cancer by reducing iga-producing cells. Cancer Res. 2023;83(21):3529– 3543. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-0323Zhong Z., Zhang H., Nan K., Zhong J., Wu Q., Lu L. et al. Fastingmimicking diet drives antitumor immunity against colorectal cancer by reducing iga-producing cells. Cancer Res. 2023;83(21):3529– 3543. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-0323

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.