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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">clinmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-2149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-1339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-1-34-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">clinmed-1043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние минеральной плотности костной ткани у молодых пациентов с перинатальным путем инфицирования вирусом иммунодефицита человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bone mineral density in young patients with perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0726-0147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середа</surname><given-names>Э. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sereda</surname><given-names>E. Jo.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Середа Эмануэль Жозевич — врач-инфекционист</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emanuel Jo. Sereda — infectious diseases specialist</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">do-one@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samarina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самарина Анна Валентиновна — д-р. мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Samarina — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology; Head of the Department of Motherhood and Childhood</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассохин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rassokhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассохин Вадим Владимирович — д-р. мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии; заведующий лабораторией хронических вирусных инфекций отдела экологической физиологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Rassokhin — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology; Head of the Laboratory of Chronic Viral Infections at the Department of Environmental Physiology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шедова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvedova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шедова Ирина Владимировна — врач-рентгенолог, заведующая отделением лучевой диагностики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Shvedova — a radiologist, Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8520-161X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моторная</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Motornaya</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моторная Валерия Александровна — ординатор 2-го года обучения, кафедра терапии, ревматологии, экспертизы временной нетрудоспособности, качества медицинской помощи с курсом гематологии и трансфузиологии им. Э.Э.Эйхвальда</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria A. Motornaya — a resident of the 2nd year of study, Department of Therapy, Rheumatology, Examination of Temporary disability, quality of Medical care with a course in Hematology and Transfusiology named after E.E.Eichwald</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями»; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова»; ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»; ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт  эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University; Institute of Experimental Medicine; St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Pasteur</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургская городская поликлиника № 19</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg City Polyclinic No.19</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Середа Э.Ж., Самарина А.В., Рассохин В.В., Шедова И.В., Моторная В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Середа Э.Ж., Самарина А.В., Рассохин В.В., Шедова И.В., Моторная В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sereda E.J., Samarina A.V., Rassokhin V.V., Shvedova I.V., Motornaya V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1043">https://www.clinmedjournal.com/jour/article/view/1043</self-uri><abstract><p>Люди, живущие с вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) с самого рождения (перинатальный путь инфицирования), имеют объективные причины для развития остеопороза (ОП). Cведения о состоянии костной ткани в этой группе малочисленные, в РФ исследования не проводились, не определена роль факторов риска, а также подходы к диагностике, лечению и профилактике ОП. Цель: оценить состояние минеральной плотности костной ткани (МПК), определенной по результатам денситометрии, на момент перехода перинатально инфицированных ВИЧ пациентов во взрослую сеть на фоне проводимой антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ). Материал и методы. В исследование включены пациенты с перинатальным путем инфицирования ВИЧ (n = 38) (основная группа), продолжающие наблюдаться во взрослом отделении специализированного центра, и пациенты с половым путем инфицирования ВИЧ (n = 36) (группа сравнения), достигшие совершеннолетнего возраста, но не старше 25 лет. Пациенты обеих группы не имели сопутствующего хронического вирусного гепатита С или В. Проведен анализ лабораторных показателей (количество CD4-лимфоцитов, РНК ВИЧ). Для оценки МПК была выполнена денситометрия бедра и позвоночника с анализом Z-критерия (с учетом возраста исследуемой группы). Результаты. Пациенты основной группы имеют длительность заболевания, сопоставимую со своим возрастом (на момент проведения исследования), при этом длительность приема антиретровирусных препаратов (АРВП) составила 13 лет с максимальным показателем 21 год и 5 мес. Оценка индекса массы тела в группе исследования показала, что у 73,6% показатели соответствовали норме, у 13,2% пациентов был выявлен дефицит массы тела, а у одного установлено ожирение 1-й степени, что составило 2,6%. В настоящее время у троих (7,8%) пациентов имеется определяемый уровень РНК ВИЧ на фоне нерегулярного приема АРТ. Достоверных различий по количеству CD4-лимфоцитов в ходе анализа данного показателя (на момент установления диагноза и проведения исследования) получено не было, доля пациентов с иммунодефицитом различной степени тяжести в настоящее время составляет 20,9%. При проведении денситометрии бедра и позвоночника были выявлены 2 (5,2%) пациента с признаками остеопенического синдрома, при этом причина возникновения данного нарушения носит многофакторный характер: наличие ВИЧ-инфекции, длительность приема АРВП, а у одного пациента — наличие сопутствующей соматической патологии — бронхиальной астмы, требующей постоянного приема ГКС. Заключение. Пациенты с перинатальным путем инфицирования ВИЧ являются группой риска по развитию остеопороза и нуждаются в оптимизации динамической диспансеризации с целью раннего выявления нарушений МПК с последующей коррекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of the issue of impaired bone mineral density (BMD) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were infected perinatally (from birth) has objective reasons for the development of osteoporosis (OP). However, information about the state of bone tissue in this group is limited and no studies have been conducted in Russia. The role of risk factors and approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis have not been determined. Objectives. To assess the state of BMD using densitometry in perinatal HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Material and methods. This study included patients with perinatal HIV infection (n = 38) (main group) who continue to be followed up in the adult department of a specialized center and patients with sexually acquired HIV infection (n = 36) (comparison group) who have reached adulthood but are not older than 25 years old. Both groups were not concurrently infected with HIV or HBV. Were analyzed the level of CD4+ lymphocytes and the HIV RNA. Hip and spine densitometry was performed to assess bone matrix status using the Z-score taking into account age group of study participants. Results. Patients with perinatal HIV infection had a disease duration similar to their age at the time of the study, while the duration of ART administration was 13 years with a maximum of 21 years and 5 months. BMI in the study group showed that 73.6% of indicators were within normal limits, 5 patients had low body weight and one had grade I obesity, accounting for 2.6% respectively. Currently, three (7.8%) patients had detectable levels of HIV RNA despite irregular ART intake, with no signifi cant diff erences in CD4 lymphocyte counts during analysis of this indicator. At the time of diagnosis, the proportion of patients with immunodefi ciency was 20.9%. However, at the time of the study, this proportion had increased to 23.2%. Hip and spine densitometry, two patients (5.2%) were identifi ed with signs of osteopenia. The cause of this disorder is multifactorial and includes the presence of HIV infection, duration of antiretroviral therapy, and, in one case, the presence of concurrent somatic pathology requiring constant intake of glucocorticosteroids. Conclusion. Patients with perinatal HIV infection are at risk of developing osteoporosis and require regular medical monitoring to detect bone mineral density (BMD) disorders early and treat them promptly.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>хроническое воспаление</kwd><kwd>остеопения</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>денситометрия</kwd><kwd>пациенты с перинатальным путем инфицирования ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>chronic infl ammation</kwd><kwd>osteopenia</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>densitometry</kwd><kwd>perinatal HIV-infected patients</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vella S., Schwartländer B., Sow S.P., Eholie S.P., Murphy R.L. 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